Disclosure and (re)performance of gender‐based evidence in an interpreter‐mediated asylum interview

In order to handle the complexities of increasing influxes of people, asylum agencies tend to adhere to static categorisations of the variability encountered in the institutional space. This study demonstrates that, although classification is to some extent inevitable, isolation of social categories (gender, age, citizenship) into policy guidelines and routine procedures can be counterproductive in socially heterogeneous settings, such as the asylum determination interview, where several participants (asylum officers, interpreters, decision makers) are deeply implicated in the discursive co‐construction of client identities. Drawing on sociolinguistic micro‐analysis of gender‐based evidence from an interpreted asylum interview in the Belgian asylum procedure, this study shows how the (re)performance of gender issues is deeply embedded in and therefore cannot be understood outside the specific socio‐discursive dynamics and the broader institutional context of the asylum interview.     

辨析认知心理学视角下的口译过程

口译过程通过各项复杂的任务充分协调而完成,这些任务包括：听辨理解、记忆、笔记和表达,这几个任务都是认知心理学的研究对象,即接受信息、存储信息、识解信息和转述信息的信息加工过程。在口译过程三种模式的基础上,运用认知心理学的知识分析口译过程的各项任务是如何完成的。     

元代中晚期文人论“气”的内涵演变

元代中期文人论“气”有两个特点：一是在前人的基础上,坚持“以理论气”;二是以把“气”之盛衰与国运之盛衰、诗文之盛衰三者绑定起来论述。但元中期文人始终未能对政权有家国一体的感觉,形成了极富特色的“旁观者心态”,故而元代中期文坛始终未出现真正意义上的“盛世”。到了晚期,文人以“气”论文有了新的变化,表现有二：一是“气”论的向下转,即“台阁气”向“山林气”的转变;二是“气”论的向内转,即“以理论气”和“气运说”向以情性论“气”的转变。这种转变又昭示着文坛格局与走向的新变。     

英汉口译信息解码中的语义噪音干扰及排除

口译的过程实际上是一个语言间的信息传递过程,涉及到译员解码和用译出语再编码。根据信息传播理论,信息的传播质量受物理和语义噪音的干扰。在英汉口译中,语义噪音干扰了译员对原语的言内、言外信息解码的准确性。要最大程度排除语义噪音的干扰,译员必须提高跨文化意识,做到从源语文化的角度解码信息;加强语境的识别能力,在具体的语境中识别语义,排除语义噪音干扰;树立语域意识,提高预测能力,降低语义噪音的干扰。     

试论《说文》声训的解释形式

声训是《说文》的一种重要释义方法。本文主要讨论《说文》声训的解释形式。文中将《说文》声训分为“以音同音近字为训例”、“形声字与声符字相互为训例”、“从某,从某;从某某;从某,某声例”等九种形式并分别加以剖析。这对《说文》释文体例和早期声训的深入研究都是颇有价值的。     

Partition of a query set into minimal number of subsets having consecutive retrieval property

This paper is concerned with information retrieval. The basic problem is how to store large masses of data in such a way that whenever information regarding some particular aspect of the data is needed, such information is easily and efficiently retrieved. Work in this field is thus very important for organizations dealing with large classes of data.The consecutive retrieval (C-R) property defined by S.P. Ghosh is an important relation between a set of queries and a set of records. Its existence enables the design of information retrieval system with a minimal search time and no redundant storage in that the records can be organized in such a way that those pertinent to any query are stored in consecutive storage locations. The C-R property, however, can not exist between every arbitrary query set and every record set.A subset of the query set Q having the C-R property is called a C-R subset and a C-R subset having the maximum cardinality is called the maximal C-R subset. A partition of Q is called the C-R partition if every subset has the C-R property. A C-R partition with minimum number of subsets is called the minimal C-R partition. With respect to the set of all binary queries and the set of all binary records, it is shown that the maximal cardinality of a C-R subset is 2l-1 where l is the number of attributes concerned. A combinatorial characterization of a maximal C-R subset is also given. A lower bound on the number of subsets in a C-R partition and several examples which attain the lower bound are given. A general procedure for obtaining a minimal C-R partition which attains the lower bound is given provided the number of attributes is even.     

口译认知加工焦虑与口译策略关系的实证研究

基于口译认知心理和口译策略相关理论,对口译策略特别是口译认知策略进行了重新分类;同时结合自行设计的口译认知加工焦虑问卷和口译策略问卷,通过两次实证调查发现,口译认知加工焦虑与口译策略呈显著的负相关;焦虑状态下口译策略特别是分析推理性认知策略的使用受到明显的影响;而较强的认知策略和元认知策略能力则会表现为较低的认知加工焦虑。在此基础上,本文提出培养元认知策略意识和习惯,加强认知策略训练,及多维度干预口译焦虑的建议。     

理解与阐释的迷误——对流行的《关于费尔巴哈提纲》几个问题解释的质疑

《关于费尔巴哈提纲》有马克思本人及恩格斯后来修订过的两个不同版本,其文字表述尽管大都相同,但也存在着些微差异。学术界以前主要根据恩格斯的版本去解读《提纲》而对这种差异关注不够,加上人们对文本整体思想理解上的不透彻甚至断章取义,从而造成在《提纲》的理解上存在诸多问题。笔者认为这些问题主要表现为：一是对旧唯物主义内涵及其域限理解上的偏误;二是把《提纲》第二条仅局限于认识论领域,而无视其生成论、存在论的维度;三是把“解释世界”与“改变世界”间的递进关系误认为是转折关系。     

论冗余在同声传译中的价值

冗余作为语言固有的特征对同声传译有着重要的价值。它对同传译员接受和理解发言、记忆及译语产出的顺利进行起到了不可忽视的积极作用。     

略论伽达默尔哲学解释学的突破

伽达默尔哲学解释学的理论创新在于,他通过开放“理解和解释”的内涵,扩张“文本或本文”的外延,实现了其后现代解释学在理论上对传统解释学的积极突破。尤其将语言引入哲学和解释学,赋予语言和理解、解释以本体论的意义,强调历史传统在现实人们的处境及视域中融合创新,敢于肯定历史偏见的历史地位与价值,这是很富于时代人文积极创意的。但是,伽达默尔哲学解释学无视理解、解释的客观实在性基础,淡化理解、解释的实践性矛盾斗争,漠视理解、解释的正当性与非正当性的原则区分及主导性与非主导性的原则差异,这是必须清醒加以批评鉴别的。