Bias Correction in the Dynamic Panel Data Model with a Nonscalar Disturbance Covariance Matrix

Approximation formulae are developed for the bias of ordinary and generalized Least Squares Dummy Variable (LSDV) estimators in dynamic panel data models. Results from Kiviet [Kiviet, J. F. (1995), on bias, inconsistency, and efficiency of various estimators in dynamic panel data models, J. Econometrics68:53-78; Kiviet, J. F. (1999), Expectations of expansions for estimators in a dynamic panel data model: some results for weakly exogenous regressors, In: Hsiao, C., Lahiri, K., Lee, L-F., Pesaran, M. H., eds., Analysis of Panels and Limited Dependent Variables, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 199-225] are extended to higher-order dynamic panel data models with general covariance structure. The focus is on estimation of both short- and long-run coefficients. The results show that proper modelling of the disturbance covariance structure is indispensable. The bias approximations are used to construct bias corrected estimators which are then applied to quarterly data from 14 European Union countries. Money demand functions for M1, M2 and M3 are estimated for the EU area as a whole for the period 1991: I-1995: IV. Significant spillovers between countries are found reflecting the dependence of domestic money demand on foreign developments. The empirical results show that in general plausible long-run effects are obtained by the bias corrected estimators. Moreover, finite sample bias, although of moderate magnitude, is present underlining the importance of more refined estimation techniques. Also the efficiency gains by exploiting the heteroscedasticity and cross-correlation patterns between countries are sometimes considerable.     

浅析英国工业革命的市场条件

国内外市场的存在及市场需求的不断增长的压力是英国工业生产发展的主要动因。英国可资利用的市场规模远较欧洲其它国家的市场大,这大大便利了英国工业品的生产与销售。英国市场的性质也有助于工业再生产的进行。     

Firm-level training in local economic systems: Complementarities in production and firm innovation strategies

The paper presents a conceptual review over the main aspects concerning the role of human capital investments and training activities within production processes, followed by empirical evidence on two local economic systems in Northern Italy, based on recent survey data. Theoretical and empirical considerations are brought together in order to provide new insights on the role of training and the factors associated to training activities at firm level.The potential driving factors of training here analysed compounds structural characteristics, labour demand dynamics, human resource management practices, workforce features, and firm performances. We observe that training activities emerge positively associated with high-performance practices, innovative labour demand features, workforce skill level, firm size, and are affected by labour flexibility in various directions. Empirical evidence confirms most previous results but also adds further important insights. The analysis suggests that a widening gap, between few innovatively evolving and many stagnant firms, could characterise the future dynamics of the Region. The high relevance of structural variables, labour demand factors and HRM/innovation practices shows that regional industrial policies and labour policies should be jointly implemented for increasing potential firm productivity. This is a key concern for the current debate on local systems economic development in the European and Italian environment.     

当代大学生媒介消费行为统计分析

当今世界信息传播革命正在兴起,信息技术的迅猛发展推动着大众传播媒介走向现代化。大众传播媒介的发展对大学生的影响尤为深刻。本文拟对当代大学生对大众传播媒介的使用状况作粗浅探索和分析,并试图研究互联网的使用与其它传播媒介的关系。     

医疗消费的经济学探讨

医疗消费是一个倍受大众关注的特殊的社会行为 ,关于如何正确认识与看待这一问题 ,理论界尚未展开更深入的研究。为此 ,从经济学的角度来探讨医疗消费这个关系到每个人切身利益的问题 ,并浅析公费医疗在市场经济条件下的不合理性 ,是十分必要的。     

大学生体育消费现状调查研究

体育消费是体育经济的一种具体表现形式 ,也是体育的社会价值的一种体现。通过对辽宁工程技术大学大部分学生体育消费和体育消费观的调查 ,说明有相当一部分学生已具备良好的体育意识 ,并有自觉的体育消费行为 ,但处于低消费阶段 ,同时对体育经济在高校的效益也有一定的认识。为体育经济和体育事业的发展提供了理论基础 ,也为高校学生更好、更合理地进行体育消费提供了理论依据     

隆线溞(Daphnia carinata king)的呼吸代谢测定

本文用Winkler法测定隆线溞(Caphnia carinata king)不同龄期个体的耗氧量及二幼龄个体在不同温度下的耗氧量。测得幼龄与成龄两阶段,其耗氧量分别以4.88×10~(-2)与1.695×10~(-1)的速率随体重增加而增大,耗氧率则分别随体重的增加而逐渐降低;在常温下,隆线溞耗氧量Y与温度X呈Y=3.69×10~(-3)×1.07~x的指数函数关系,由此得到,17℃—19℃是隆线搔生长速率快而耗氧量较小的最适人工培养温度。     

民营经济的资金需求：陕西个案研究

在对陕西4个地市进行调研的基础上,估算了该省民营经济的资金需求总量,并分析了其资金需求的结构。结果表明,民营经济的资金存在需求总量难以满足和供求结构失衡的矛盾,在目前国有金融体系支持有限的情况下,民营经济对民间资本产生了强烈的需求。因此解决民营经济融资困境的出路在于有效搭建民间资本投入到民营经济的桥梁和通道。     

倡导勤俭自强的消费伦理观--关于合肥地区大学生问卷调查的思考

文章结合学习宣传和贯彻落实《公民道德建设实施纲要》,主要回答为什么必须重视大学生消费伦理观的新变化,大学生消费状况及消费伦理观有哪些新变化,以及正确引导大学生消费伦理观的现实意义。     

信息条件下的城市运输规划方法

交通网络中信息的引入,改变了以往人们的出行行为。常规的出行需求预测模型在信息条件下,需要进行合理改进。本文提出了将传统的出行产生模型与动态交通模拟模型集成进行信息条件下的城市运输规划研究的一种新的方法框架