国际体坛反兴奋剂的经济学分析

国际体坛反兴奋剂问题不仅是法律问题、政治问题、医学问题,也是一个经济学问题。本文通过建立一个简单的效用函数,分析了运动员使用兴奋剂的成本和收益因素,并根据这些因素,提出了通过提高运动员使用兴奋剂行为的预期成本来减少兴奋剂使用行为的一些措施。     

Misspecification of a binary dependent variable in the logistic model controlling for the repeated longitudinal measures

Many medical applications are interested to know the disease status. The disease status can be related to multiple serial measurements. Nevertheless, owing to various reasons, the binary outcome can be measured incorrectly. The estimators derived from the misspecified outcome can be biased. This paper derives the complete data likelihood function to incorporate both the multiple serial measurements and the misspecified outcome. Owing to the latent variables, EM algorithm is used to derive the maximum-likelihood estimators. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to compare the impact of misspecification on the estimates. A retrospective data for the recurrence of atrial fibrillation is used to illustrate the usage of the proposed model.     

英文广告语篇的人际意义分析

功能语法中的一个非常重要的组成部分是纯理功能。韩礼德把纯理功能分为三种,即语篇功能,人际功能和概念功能。人际功能指的是人们用语言来和其他人交往,建立和保持人际关系,用语言来影响别人的行为,同时用语言来表达对世界的看法。广告语篇是一种人际功能极强的语篇。在功能语法的框架下对其进行分析,一定会对这种特定的语篇有更深入地理解。     

杜甫诗中的议论

杜诗中的议论是一种抒情手段,具有韵味深长的基本特征。诗人一方面保留议论的普遍特征如意见的外指性、判断的鲜明性以及推理的层深性和曲折性,一方面又通过对日常逻辑的变形使其成为诗的议论。其特殊表现功能,在于由此派生的互相对立的表现效果之融合。杜诗中的议论还具有积极的结构功能:或是对形象和抒情加以点化以升华主题,或是在诗中起组织的作用而兼得气势与骨力之美。     

教师制度伦理及其功能

教师制度伦理的核心问题是伦理问题,决定了教师制度的建立和改革要经得起伦理的考验,要有充分的伦理依据。教师制度伦理的调节功能、评价功能、激励功能和约束功能,提高着教师的伦理水平,维护着教育的尊严、公正与秩序。     

深圳和汕头地区经济增长要素贡献的实证比较

地区经济增长差异在扩大一直是经济发展中的一个值得关注的问题。影响地区增长差异的因素是多方面的,包括生产要素、需求条件、相关和支持性产业、企业战略、产业结构、机遇、政府作用等。利用CD生产函数比较汕头与深圳经济长期增长中各要素的贡献率,分析影响两地经济增长差异的要素。     

工程质量政府监督多层次利益分配与激励协同机制探究

The implementation of the government supervision of the quality of the project is an international practice. The basic form of government supervision of engineering quality is government supervision on the quality behavior of the engineering main bodies and its results by the competent government department entrusted. Its essence is a dual principal-agent process. The frequent accidents of the engineering quality reflect the loss and failure of the government law enforcement supervision of the engineering quality to some extent. Its root lies in the lack of endogenous power in the law enforcement supervision of the project quality government supervisors in the law enforcement supervision. Therefore, the incentive coordination mechanism of the government supervision based on the multi-level interest distribution is worth explored. In views of the multi-level management system which is formed by the government departments, government quality supervision organizations, quality supervision team (or group) for the government supervision of engineering quality. The benefit distribution function between every party is constructed, and the game model of the multi-level incentive and coordination for the government supervision in engineering quality is built. To solve and deduce from the first stage of the cooperative game and the second stage of the non-cooperative game, the cooperative game can obtain the reward coefficient: . The coordination degree of the best effort can be obtained by the non cooperative game. The result shows that:the coordination degree of government engineering quality supervisor is related to the coordination costs, and had nothing to do with fixed costs. The benefit distribution coefficient not only depends on the efforts of the quality government monitors, but also on the efficiency of other parties' efforts. The quality supervisors of the project will also focus on the coordination with other parties when enhancing their management capabilities to improve the overall performance of project quality government supervision. The strategy of the incentive coordination mechanism for the supervision and cooperation of the project quality government is:the government quality supervision team should set up the supervisory team properly, improve the coordination efficiency and reduce the cost of supervision-coordination to maximize the value of self-motivation. Quality supervision team (or group) should establish the partnership to improve the coordination efficiency for achieving the maximization of their own incentive value.The model and conclusion of incentive synergy mechanism based on multi-level benefit allocation mechanism are researched. It can provide theoretical support and practice reference for the market governance and supervision of general public goods.     

Modelling heterogeneous space–time occurrences of earthquakes and its residual analysis

Summary. Earthquake intensities are modelled as a function of previous activity whose specific form is based on established empirical laws in seismology, but whose parameter values can vary from place to place. This model is used for characterizing regional features of seismic activities in and around Japan, and also for exploring regions where the actual seismicity rate systematically deviates from that of the modelled rate.     

Quadratic estimators of covariance components in a multivariate mixed linear model

It is known that the Henderson Method III (Biometrics 9:226–252, 1953) is of special interest for the mixed linear models because the estimators of the variance components are unaffected by the parameters of the fixed factor (or factors). This article deals with generalizations and minor extensions of the results obtained for the univariate linear models. A MANOVA mixed model is presented in a convenient form and the covariance components estimators are given on finite dimensional linear spaces. The results use both the usual parametric representations and the coordinate-free approach of Kruskal (Ann Math Statist 39:70–75, 1968) and Eaton (Ann Math Statist 41:528–538, 1970). The normal equations are generalized and it is given a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of quadratic unbiased estimators for covariance components in the considered model.     

对"安乐死"立法的思考

安乐死是否违法我国并没有明确的法律规定,但安乐死在我国越来越多的地方在被悄悄地执行.立法的空白使得司法机关对这种事情采取了不告不理的态度.文章从法的规范功能谈了安乐死立法的必要性,并对立法的框架做了构想,分析了立法中的难点.立法虽有难度但行为必须得到规范,要使人们有法可依.