经济发展与环境保护关系研究

经济发展与环境保护之间存在着辩证统一的关系,二者既相互矛盾,又相互统一。本文对经济发展与环境保护之间相互推动的作用机理进行了详细分析,并对中国的经济发展与环境保护协调发展之间的障碍进行了深入的剖析,在此基础上运用博弈论原理对参与经济发展和环境保护的各方进行博弈分析,由此提出了促进经济发展与环境保护相协调的对策与建议。     

Competitive and Collaborative Quality and Warranty Management in Supply Chains

Product quality and product warranty coverage are two important and closely related operational decisions. A longer warranty protection period can boost sales, but it may also result in dramatically increased warranty cost, if product quality is poor. To investigate how these two decisions interact with each other and influence supply chain performance, we develop a single‐period model with a supplier that provides a product to an original equipment manufacturer, which in turn sells it to customers. Customer demand is random and affected by the length of the product warranty period. Warranty costs are incurred by both the supplier and the manufacturer. We analyze two different scenarios based on which party sets the warranty period: manufacturer warranty and supplier warranty. Product quality is controlled by the supplier, and the manufacturer determines the ordering quantity. We analyze these decentralized systems and provide the structural properties of the equilibrium strategies. We also compare the results of centralized and decentralized systems and identify the conditions under which one system provides a longer warranty and better product quality than the other. Our numerical study further shows that, in decentralized settings, when the warranty period is determined by the firm sharing the larger proportion of total warranty costs, the supply chain can achieve greater system‐wide profit. Both parties can therefore benefit from properly delegating the warranty decision and sharing the resulting additional profit. We further design a supplier‐development and buy‐back contract for coordinating decentralized supply chains. Several extensions are also discussed.     

基于资金流服务商的供应链资金运作能力研究

高效的资金运作能力是决定一个企业乃至一条供应链成功的关键因素。本文提出了资金流服务商这一概念并重点分析了它所具备的两种资金运作能力:资金回收期压缩能力和采购资金占用压缩能力。在一个单周期的报童模型中,研究了资金流服务商通过给制造商提供这两种资金流服务能够给供应链整体收益带来的增大以及在这个过程中二者的利益分配问题。通过进一步比较这两种资金运作能力,验证了各自对于供应链的重要程度。     

Social stability challenged by Covid-19: Pandemics,inequality and policy responses

The public health measures implemented to limit the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to affect economic inequalities. In this paper we first provide a theoretical framework to analyse how income inequality contributes shaping the trade-off between economic lockdown and contagion. Our empirical analysis on EU countries shows that the lockdown is likely to significantly increase inequality and poverty and that the magnitude of the change is larger in more unequal countries. To avoid social collapse, countries must consider inequality as an additional source of fragility, while supranational, coordinated health and fiscal policies are needed in the interest of all European economies.     

Improving Humanitarian Operations through Technology‐Enabled Collaboration

Humanitarian supply chains involve many different entities, such as government, military, private, and non‐governmental organizations and individuals. Well‐coordinated interactions between entities can lead to synergies and improved humanitarian outcomes. Information technology (IT) tools can help facilitate collaboration, but cost and other barriers have limited their use. We document the use of an IT tool to improve last‐mile supply distribution and data management in one of many camps for internally displaced persons after the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and we describe other current uses of technology in camp management. Motivated by these examples and the interest among humanitarian organizations in expanding the use of such tools to facilitate coordination, we introduce a cooperative game theory model and explore insights about the conditions under which multi‐agency coordination is feasible and desirable. We also outline an agenda for future research in the area of technology‐enabled collaboration in the humanitarian sector.     

Coordination in Games with Strategic Complementarities: An Experiment on Fixed vs. Random Matching

In this article, we study behavior in a series of two‐player supply chain game experiments. Each player simultaneously chooses a capacity before demand is realized, and sales are given by the minimum of realized demand and chosen capacities. We focus on the differences in behavior under fixed pairs and random rematching. Intuition suggests that long‐run relations should lead to more profitable outcomes. However, our results go against this intuition. While subjects' capacity choices are better aligned (i.e., closer together) under fixed pairs, average profits are more variable. Moreover, learning is slower under fixed pairs—so much so that over the last five periods, average profits are actually higher under random rematching. The underlying cause for this finding appears to be a “first‐impressions” bias, present only under fixed matching, in which the greater the misalignment in initial choices, the lower are average profits.     

发达国家处理劳资关系的经验及启示

劳资关系是现代社会赖以旋转的中心,劳资关系的失衡不仅影响经济的发展,而且危及社会的和谐与稳定。文章简要分析了转轨时期我国劳资关系的现状、问题及成因,采用比较分析方法来总结了发达国家处理劳资关系经验,结合我国劳资领域的实际情况,提出了现阶段协调劳资关系的治理模式：转变工会角色和行为;建立健全劳资关系法律体系,健全相关劳动制度;明确劳资关系三方主体,建立三方协调机制;强化政府在协调企业劳资关系中的责任,加强监管力度。     

补偿视角下的工程进度协调及其收益Shapley值法分配

利用TCTP优化原理对工程施工进度协调进行分析,指出进度协调的本质,将进度协调区分为同一分包商主体任务间进度协调和不同分包商主体任务间进度协调.针对不同分包商主体任务间进度协调,将其视为自私理性主体的协作问题,提出工程进度协调的利益补偿机制,并在补偿机制的基础上建立合作博弈模型,利用Shapley值法对协调收益进行合理分配,促进协调各分包商自主加入进度协调.本研究对于促进分包商最大限度进度协调,降低施工成本,以及进度协调收益的合理分配提供了理论依据和操作规则.     

东北装备制造业区域合作的重点、模式与对策研究

东北三省装备制造业沿哈大铁路线和沿海经济带呈倒"T"型结构布局,地域特征明显;东北三省装备制造业行业门类齐全,优势产业突出,在全国占有重要地位。但东北三省装备制造业在研发上缺乏省际间的横向联系和共性技术研究;在生产上缺乏省际间的分工协作,产业关联性差;在布局上同构现象严重,缺乏与域外地区的协作互动。笔者从区域视角对东北三省装备制造业发展的现状进行了评价,阐述了东北三省装备制造业区域合作的重点领域、主要模式,并提出了加强产品开发,提高技术创新能力;强化省际之间的协作互动,提高区际间协作配套能力等区域合作发展对策,从而促进东北三省装备制造业一体化进程。     

汉语“配价”语法研究综述

吕叔湘先生早在20世纪40年代就提出类似＂配价＂的概念,可惜一直未引起语法学界的注意,直到20世纪80年代,朱德熙先生第一次运用配价概念,从那时起,配价语法逐渐成为中国语法学界研究、讨论的热点之一,并取得了显著的成就。它主要表现在三个方面：一是汉语＂配价＂语法研究理论对国外理论的借鉴;二是汉语＂配价＂语法研究20世纪80年代后全面展开及取得的相关成就;三是汉语＂配价＂语法研究相关的理论分歧。