早期工业化时期一般造物设计的发展

明代中叶以来,社会生产力的提高和商品经济的发展使中国城乡手工业的发展达到很高的水平,出现了与近代欧洲早期相似的工场手工业,也就是早期工业化,这意味着在西方以大工业生产为基础的现代设计"冲击"中国造物艺术之前,中国早期工业化的发展已具备了一定的生产基础而非空白,也就是说,西方现代设计的最初引入,中国并不只是处于一种被动的局面,而是在传统设计的积累与工场手工业的基础上作出了一种积极的"回应"。     

高等学校"法律基础"课教学创新与改进的调研报告

高等院校"法律基础"课教学突出"两课"性是提高教学质量、实现教学目的的主要特点。邓小平理论和江泽民"三个代表"的思想为"法律基础"课教学工作与时俱进地体现"两课"性的教学特点指明了方向和内容,体现"两课"性是"法律基础"课教学深入创新和改进的出发点、核心和归宿。     

"建构主义学习"理论与体育教学设计

"建构主义学习"理论强调以学生为中心,视学生为认知的主体,是知识意义的主动建构者,教师对学生的意义建构起帮助和促进作用."建构主义学习"环境下的教学设计与传统的体育教学设计相比已发生了很大的变化.     

思辨“必需”与“够用”

在职业技术教育中 ,对文化基础理论课教学的“必需”、“够用”观点 ,出现了认识及实践上的偏颇。为了能正确认识“必需”与“够用”观点 ,使其在指导实践中发挥应有作用 ,本文提出了“适度”基础上的“够用”,“充分”前提下“必需”的观点 ,以满足素质教育和创新教育的需要。     

“智能化检测”课程设计的创意与实践

阐述了“智能检测与生产过程控制”专业方向的“智能化检测课程设计”内容安排及其制作过程中的几点创意。宏观与微观的结合培养学生把握系统整体和具体操作实施的能力,机械与电子的结合和基础课、专业基础课、专业课知识的结合培养学生综合运用多方面知识解决复杂工程问题的能力,工程实际的联系与新方案和新内容设计培养学生在工程实际中的创新思维和能力。该内容和创意经过两届学生的尝试,证明是成功的。     

<微机原理及应用>课程设计教学探讨

论述了课程设计对《微机原理及应用》课程教学的作用 ,并对课程设计的教学实施进行了研究和探讨     

不确定环境下考虑风险厌恶的生产-分销网络优化模型及试验设计

考虑上游生产和下游需求不确定性，研究了由工厂、分销中心及终端市场构成的生产-分销网络优化设计问题。针对上游生产不确定性，考虑产生故障和无故障两种状态；针对下游市场需求不确定性，考虑其具有低、中和高三种状态。由于生产发生故障可能导致不合格品的产生，进一步考虑了在上游生产环节是否实施产品监测问题。综合网络运作成本和由不确定性导致的绩效风险，建立了由风险厌恶水平和悲观系数刻画的基于均值-条件风险值（CVaR）准则的生产-分销网络两阶段随机规划模型。特别地，针对由网络潜在节点数众多所导致的不确定情景规模过大的问题，采用情景缩减技术进行了情景筛选，降低了所建模型的求解难度。最后，进行了数值计算，分析了相关参数对网络运作绩效的影响，并给出了期望成本和条件风险值两个目标权衡的帕累托有效前沿。进一步，通过回归试验设计检验了决策者风险厌恶水平和悲观系数对所设计的生产-分销网络绩效的影响程度。结果表明，相对于决策者的风险厌恶程度，悲观系数对网络运作绩效的影响更大。     

A generating algorithm for linear trend-free and nearly linear trend-free block designs

The theory and properties of trend-free (TF) and nearly trend-free (NTF) block designs are wel1 developed. Applications have been hampered because a methodology for design construction has not been available.

This article begins with a short review of concepts and properties of TF and NTF block designs. The major contribution is provision of an algorithm for the construction of linear and nearly linear TF block designs. The algorithm is incorporated in a computer program in FORTRAN 77 provided in an appendix for the IBM PC or compatible microcomputer, a program adaptable also to other computers. Three sets of block designs generated by the program are given as examples.

A numerical example of analysis of a linear trend-free balanced incomplete block design is provided.     

Quantile plots for mean effects in the presence of variance effects for 2k-p designs

In robust parameter design, variance effects and mean effects in a factorial experiment are modelled simultaneously. If variance effects are present in a model, correlations are induced among the naive estimators of the mean effects. A simple normal quantile plot of the mean effects may be misleading because the mean effects are no longer iid under the null hypothesis that they are zero. Adjusted quantiles are computed for the case when one variance effect is significant and examples of 8-run and 16-run fractional factorial designs are examined in detail. We find that the usual normal quantiles are similar to adjusted quantiles for all but the largest and smallest ordered effects for which they are conservative. Graphically, the qualitative difference between the two sets of quantiles is negligible (even in the presence of large variance effects) and we conclude that normal probability plots are robust in the presence of variance effects.     

Second-Order Response Surface Model with Neighbor Effects

This article considers the second-order response surface model in which the experimental units, i.e., plots experience the neighbor effects from immediate left and right neighboring plots assuming the plots to be placed adjacent linearly with no gaps. Conditions have been derived for the estimation of coefficients of second-order response surface model. A method of constructing designs for fitting second-order response surface in the presence of neighbor effects has been developed. The designs so obtained are found to be rotatable.