汉代造物设计地位锥指

造物设计就是治国;治国就是设计。设计从来没有像汉代社会这样突出而富有意义。在中央,有少府掌管各种造物部门、工艺作坊与工场。在地方,有郡县工官设置;造物设计被纳入封建伦理与礼乐制度的范围之中。就造物设计在当时社会中的地位作初步论述,以期探明汉代设计艺术兴盛与辉煌背后的社会历史要素,以期唤醒当代社会对设计艺术的高度重视。     

视觉认知理论的发展及其在建筑设计中的应用

作为艺术门类之一的建筑设计,其核心问题———审美并没有随时代的更迭而发生变化,而建筑审美的依据却向着愈加科学化的方向发展。视觉认知理论推动了建筑审美的科学化,而对审美的科学解释可以帮助更多的建筑师设计出赏心悦目的建筑。视觉认知理论从经验总结阶段发展到格式塔心理学的技术应用阶段再到大脑视觉机制的科学阐释阶段,发展历程中的阶段性成果已经成为建筑师的共识并在设计中得到有意识的应用,同时对大脑视觉机制的探索揭示了受众＂看＂建筑的特点,这也为建筑师解决数字时代建筑审美的新问题提供了研究方法。     

Effects of various types of change in shift schedules: A controlled longitudinal study

Abstract

Data from a longitudinal study accompanying changes in shift rotas connected with a shortening of working time in the chemical industry are presented. Altogether 260 subjects forming five experimental groups participated in both the pretest and the posttest. The effects of the change in shift schedules were controlled by the inclusion of five groups in which 139 subjects participated in both tests. Five types of change in shift schedule were investigated. The purpose was to determine to what extent similar, but in some aspects differing, types of change in shift schedule varied from one another in their effects on those involved, and on which factors their attitudes towards the new shift systems depended with regard to various types of schedule change. The effects of a change in shift schedule were tested by means of the 4-group investigation design developed by Solomon (1949). The results confirm that differences in the effects of new shift systems depend on the type of change. Only in three experimental groups were improvements in health and social life observed. One experimental group showed significant signs of deterioration in subjective health. In the analyses of the factors influencing the attitude of the shiftworkers towards the new shift system, differences in the structure of the influencing factors between the experimental groups were observed. The causal analysis was used in order to test how important the factors found in each group were and which of them were dominant. It showed that the most influential factors dominated so much that the disturbances in the less influential ones lost their importance. In spite of the number of indicators analysed regarding their influence on attitude in this study, further important factors seem to exist that have not been analysed here.     

Optimal Designs for Random Coefficient Regression Models with Heteroscedastic Errors

The purpose of this article is to present the optimal designs based on D-, G-, A-, I-, and D _β-optimality criteria for random coefficient regression (RCR) models with heteroscedastic errors. A sufficient condition for the heteroscedastic structure is given to make sure that the search of optimal designs can be confined at extreme settings of the design region when the criteria satisfy the assumption of the real valued monotone design criteria. Analytical solutions of D-, G-, A-, I-, and D _β-optimal designs for the RCR models are derived. Two examples are presented for random slope models with specific heteroscedastic errors.     

The mad estimator: when is it non-linear? applications to two-way design models

The mean absolute deviation (MAD) estimator has recently received a great deal of attention as applied to full-rank linear regression models. This paper provides a necessary and sufficient condition for the MAD estimator to be a non-linear estimator, in which case conditions for the variance of the MAD estimator to be larger or smaller than those for OLS are, in general, unknown. The non-linearity of the MAD estimator is examined for several two-way designs; in particular (1) randomized block design (2) two-way nested design (3) two-way classification with interaction and (4) partially balanced incomplete block design     

Minimization of model inadequacy when observations subject to shift in means and variances

In this article optimality of experimental design for fitting a lower-order polynomial to a higher order response function for the situation in which observations may be subject to shift in means as well as in variances is considered. It is found that Karson, Manson and Hader‘s (1969) optimum designs provide pro-tection, in some sense, against model inadequacies even when observations are subject to shift in means and variances.     

创新教育与教学创新——开放式毕业设计模式的研究与实践

要想通过毕业设计环节培养学生的创新意识与创造能力 ,首要的问题是毕业设计教学模式必须创新。笔者以《毕业设计环节中学生创新意识与创造能力培养的研究与实践》为题开展研究表明 ,开放毕业设计的创新模式为创新人才的培养奠定了良好的育人环境 ,且可操作性强     

An in-depth case study on the role of industrial design in a business-to-business company

In this paper, we investigate how managers perceive the roles of industrial design, based on their experiences with designers in two product development projects in a business-to-business environment. The study demonstrates that designers can make contributions that surpass the design of physical products, and that influence the effective implementation of product development processes. Our findings extend the limited literature on the role of industrial design in industrial markets, and are of value for managers looking to strengthen their product development processes.     

女性魅力与活动自由——论当代礼服造型设计理念

礼服在服装设计领域的应用范围和市场前景一直都是十分令人瞩目的,但对礼服造型设计的研究和探讨大多集中在技术层面。文章力图从美学和机能性两个方面探讨当代礼服造型设计的理念和方法,通过对女性体型魅力的分析和从身体自由活动的本质要求出发,提倡摈弃无谓的形式主义、过于繁琐的结构变化和束缚机体自由活动的庞大而繁重的造型设计理念。提出当代礼服造型设计应以塑造女性魅力形象和提供肢体活动自由为原则。     

On the recovery of intra- and interblock information in n-ary designs

This note presents an extension of Q-method of analysis for binary designs given by Rao (1956) to n-ary balanced and partially balanced block designs. Here a linked n-ary block (LNB) design is defined as the dual of balanced n-ary (BN) design. Having a note on Yates’ (1939, 1940) method of P-analysis, we further extend the expressions for binary linked block (LB) designs given by Rao (1956) to linked n-ary block (LNB) designs which admit easy estimation of parameters for these type of all n-ary designs.