Condom Use by Prostitutes

This study combines qualitative and quantitative research methods to gain insight into the determinants of condom use in prostitution by putting high or low risk taking behavior into context. Female prostitutes (N = 119) have been interviewed in depth about their sexual conduct and condom use, their working attitude and risk perception. Health Locus of Control and attributions concerning an unpleasant proceeding of client contacts were assessed by means of item lists. Prostitutes were identified as either 'consistent condom users,' 'selective risk takers' or 'risk takers.' It is found that protection behavior is linked to working attitude. Condom use is most likely with a working attitude that is moderately positive yet businesslike and least likely with a negative working attitude and when there is no positive identification with the professional group. Health Locus of Control appears to be of no influence on protection style but risk takers attribute an unpleasant proceeding of client contacts significantly more to 'powerlessness' and 'helplessness.' It is concluded that the objective situation of women is at least as strongly of influence on condom use as subjective motivations are.     

人脸识别技术应用的法律规制

在信息科技时代,人脸识别技术在为人们的生产生活提供极大便利的同时,也带来了识别错位、歧视、破坏知情同意规则等风险以及侵犯隐私的可能。为了从法律上规范人脸识别技术应用,美国采取了分散立法规制模式,根据人脸识别技术应用主体的不同建立差异化的规制路径,而欧盟采取的是统一严格限制模式。当前,我国法律制度对人脸识别技术应用的规制存在多处空白。为了创设全方位、立体化的面部特征信息保护机制,我国在鼓励新兴科技发展的同时,需要立足于现有规范体系,通过确立信息准确处理原则、完善知情同意规则、强化侵害隐私救济措施、完善信息处理相关各方责任等措施,构建和完善多方主体参与的治理机制。     

The evaluation of workers by customers as a method of control and monitoring in firms: Digital reputation and the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation

As a method of surveillance and monitoring, the evaluation of workers by customers and employers and the disclosure of the results pose a series of challenges for the current legal framework of the European Union (EU). Employees subject to such evaluations are exposed to a far more intense and wider degree of monitoring of their work than traditional workers. The phenomenon arises from the adoption of a customer perspective, seeking to make work observable at all times, without any cost to firms. In this light, the author analyses the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, which establishes very specific restrictions when requesting and disclosing information about workers.     

我国(大陆)公民隐私权法律保护的现状及完善

隐私权是公民的一种非常重要的人格权,在现代社会,一个国家的立法如果不规定公民隐私权,那么它对公民人格权的保护是极不完善的。论文首先介绍了隐私权的含义及其法律特征,然后指出中国已建立了相应的保护公民隐私权的法律制度体系,但仍存在诸多问题;紧接着论述了完善中国大陆公民隐私权法律保护的措施;最后,介绍了隐私权法律保护的限制。     

零浮动Poisson项目计数法在敏感数据抽样调查中的应用

文章将Poisson-Poisson项目计数法进行推广,提出零浮动Poisson项目计数法,其中,非敏感辅助变量来自于一个参数已知的零浮动Poisson分布。并给出了该模型下敏感参数极大似然估计的EM算法以及构造其置信区间的bootstrap方法。此外,还对该模型保护受访者隐私的能力加以讨论,发现该模型的隐私保护要优于Poisson-Poisson项目计数法。最后,从随机模拟的结果表明在该模型下利用本文所介绍的分析方法可以得到敏感参数的较为准确的估计。     

Boundaries and Family Practices: Implications for Assessing Child Abuse

SUMMARY

Family practices related to hygiene, affection behavior, and privacy were studied using a sample of mental health and child welfare professionals. The professionals were asked to use their own experience to state up to what age it was acceptable for parents and children of the same gender and mixed gender to engage in certain family practices. For virtually all family practices, respondents reported lower appropriate ages for mixed gender pairs. Family practices were acceptable for mothers with their daughters up to older ages than fathers with their sons. Results indicate high variability in the responses regarding appropriate ages, as well as whether the behavior was ever acceptable. The implications of these substantial differences among professionals who often assess these practices as “soft signs” related to abuse are discussed.     

POST-PANOPTIC SURVEILLANCE THROUGH HEALTHCARE RATING SITES

This article examines websites where patients rate and evaluate healthcare services as mechanisms for transforming citizens into surveillers of public services in order to generate knowledge about the everyday performance of professionals and institutions. Using post-panoptic theories about the use of information and communication technologies in daily life, it questions how such sites, and the knowledge they generate, relate to existing surveillance structures. It begins with a review of current surveillance literature before turning to the empirical case of the Dutch website Zoekdokter. It situates the site in its specific national health and policy context, which enables not only an analysis of the site, but also the existing rules, norms and structures for monitoring performance and the dynamic between multiple types of surveillance that occur simultaneously in practice. Zoekdokter.nl is one of six cases in this research project and is the only case where patients are encouraged to evaluate individual professionals identified by name and location. I analyze website texts and 15 stakeholder interviews using the post-panoptic concepts of sousveillance, coveillance and infoveillance. In the discussion, I use the case to reflect on several assumptions made in current post-panoptic theory and, more specifically, on the transferability of these ideas to specific sectors, such as healthcare.     

The changing Xiangxi Miao marriage practices in contemporary China

This essay describes elements of Xiangxi Miao marriage practices such as courtship, wedding ceremonies, and marriages between the Miao and Han, exploring how Xiangxi Miao marriage practices changed at the turn of this century, and disclosing social influences on the changes in marriage practices. The author uses a Miao village of Zalun as a case study. Through participant observation and intensive interviews, it was found that, before 2000, Xiangxi Miaos’ courtship practices and wedding ceremonies had strict processes and reflected agricultural rhythm. In addition, there were few marriages between the Miao and Han. Since the beginning of this century, Xiangxi Miao marriage practices have changed due to socioeconomic development, population mobility, and diverse communication between Miao young women and men. Dramatic shifts in marriage practices have produced social influences among Xiangxi Miao communities. The changes in marriage practices have promoted Xiangxi Miao free marriages, advancing social cohesion and acculturation. However, these changes have also increased numbers of criminals and problems of healthy growth and education of the stay-at-home children.     

Youth in Foster Care and Social Media: A Framework for Developing Privacy Guidelines

Although youth in foster care most likely use social media websites, there appears to be a lack of policy guidelines related to this use. When one considers youth in foster care, the state's mandate to provide safety, and foster parents' rights to exercise parenting responsibilities, the notion of privacy and the use of social media becomes complex. Critical Systems Heuristics will be introduced as a tool in developing policy recommendations. An application of this framework will be provided which can serve as a guide for an agency or workgroup tasked with developing policy guidelines for social media use by youth in foster care.