云南省沿边地区艾滋孤儿生存现状及应对策略

地处祖国西南边疆的云南,是艾滋病防治重点省,紧邻世界毒品源地、经济欠发达与边民的大量流动,使得云南的艾滋病防治与艾滋孤儿救助安置工作面临着特殊的困难与严峻的挑战。近年来,云南省艾滋孤儿数量呈逐年上升趋势。受艾滋病影响儿童家庭人均生产收入显著减少,辍学率与缺课率高,他们生活在社会歧视与自我歧视之中,孤立无援、生活贫困、心理压力大,与非艾滋孤儿存在明显差异。现行救助活动虽对改善艾滋孤儿生活状况起到了一定作用,但其生活环境、立法与身心健康等依然是目前亟需解决的问题。     

人生永恒的真诀——《禅真逸史》

《禅真逸史》作为《金瓶梅》之后诞生的一部重要的长篇小说,其性质归类虽多有歧异,但其核心主旨却在借南北朝后期至隋唐之际的社会背景,以虚拟化的手法,曲折反映作者对理想人生的独特见解。主角人物林时茂由儒及佛、由佛及道、再由道而儒、儒而佛道,其经历的人生四个历程,恰构成中国传统封建知识分子一个完整的生命追求历程和心灵演变史。书中对杜伏威、薛举、张善相三个历史人物的改塑,既是服务于作者这一思想理念,更与作者有意融合《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《金瓶梅》四大奇书为一体的创作风格密切相关。其世情描摹的生动真切,更使其书在艺术上达到一个新的高度。     

Individual Growth Curves of Frequency of Sexual Intercourse Among Urban,Adolescent, African American Youth

Summary

In the current study we examined individual growth curves of frequency of sexual intercourse among a sample of urban, low-income, African American youth at increased risk for subsequent HIV/AIDS exposure. Three waves of longitudinal data from the Collaborative HIV-Prevention AdolescentMental Health (CHAMP) project were utilized. Participant ages ranged from 9 to 12 years (M = 11 years) at the first interview wave and from 15 to 19 years (M = 18 years) at the final interview wave. As such, we were able to map out true developmental trajectories of sexual intercourse over a 10-year period of adolescence (spanning ages 9 to 19 years). Results indicate that the average study participant was sexually abstinent (in terms of intercourse) during the pre-teen years, reported a single episode of sexual intercourse between ages 14 and 15, and by age 19, reported between 3 and 10 episodes of sexual intercourse. Significant variability in the acceleration of growth rates (as captured by a quadratic random effect) was observed, suggesting that some youth accelerated more rapidly (in their sexual intercourse histories) than did others. Participant gender predicted trajectory starting points; boys reported higher rates of sexual intercourse at age 12. Frequency of baseline exposure to sexual possibility situations (i.e., being in mixed-sex company in a private place in the absence of adult supervision) predicted growth curve acceleration, suggesting preteenswith more exposure to sexual possibility situations accelerated more rapidly in their rates of sexual intercourse over time. Developmental implications of these data are discussed.     

Urban African American Pre-Adolescent Social Problem Solving Skills

Summary

The results of two studies focusing on the social problem solving skills of African American preadolescent youth are detailed. In the first study data from a sample of 150 African American children, ages 9 to 11 years, was used to examine the association between type of youth social problem solving approaches applied to hypothetical risk situations and time spent in unsupervised peer situations of sexual possibility. Findings revealed that children with more exposure to sexual possibility situations generated a wider range of social problem solving strategies, but these approaches tended to be unrealistic and ambiguous. Further, there was a positive association between the amount of time spent unsupervised and youth difficulty formulating a definitive response to hypothetical peer pressure situations. Children with less exposure to sexual possibility situations tended to be more aggressive when approaching situations of peer pressure. In the second study, data from a non-overlapping sample of 164 urban, African American adult caregivers and their 9 to 11 year old children was examined in order to explore the associations between child gender, family-level factors including family communication frequency and intensity, time spent in situations of sexual possibility, and youth social problem solving approaches. Results revealed that children were frequently using constructive problem solving and help seeking behaviors when confronted by difficult social situations and that there was a significant relationship between the frequency and intensity of parent child communication and youth help seeking social problem solving approaches. Implications for research and family-based interventions are highlighted.     

A Cultural Exploration Based on Structured Observational Methods in Hong Kong

Abstract

This study contributes to the debate on applying parenting style typologies to the Chinese population by using structured observational methods in examining parenting behaviors and styles in parent-child interactions in problem-solving situations. Participants were 81 parent-child dyads in Hong Kong. The four parenting groups identified through cluster analysis were authoritative, authoritarian, disengaged, and task-oriented. This clustering was compared internally on parenting attributes and child's school-related outcomes, as well as externally with the Parent Behavior Report typology assessed through the child-report method. Discussion was based on the conceptual and theoretical implications of this new clustering using observational methods.     

网络视域下党反腐倡廉建设的现状与路径选择

信息时代下,网络反腐在党的反腐倡廉建设中具有参与主体广、信息传递快、舆论监督压力大等优势,对党的反腐倡廉建设有重要的作用。随着人民群众反腐期望值的持续上升,新时期党的网络反腐工作也遭遇了许多困境：网络监督的自发性和偶然性缺乏完善的执法制度规范;网络的隐蔽性和匿名性容易导致网络暴力,伤及无辜;网民的非理性参与行动容易破坏社会的安定团结。深入推进新时期反腐倡廉建设,一方面需要积极应对,充分利用网络新兴技术形成新的监督体系,另一方面需要正确认识网络反腐的局限性,加强制度创新,实现网络反腐与制度反腐有效对接。     

试论加强对红色资源的保护

红色资源是我国特有的宝贵物质财富和精神财富。由于社会保护意识薄弱、法律法规不完善、保护资金及专业保护人员匮缺等原因,使得红色资源的保护陷入了窘境。必须提高各级政府和广大民众对红色资源的保护意识,建立健全法律法规,广开渠道筹措资金,加强文物保护专业人才队伍建设,切实保护好红色资源。     

论民间艺人档案的建立

非物质文化遗产保护现已成为各国政府和组织极为重视的一项工作,它对传承人类文明,保护文化多样性有着重要的作用。我国的非物质文化遗产资源极为丰富,云南省的非物质文化遗产又以其独特的人文历史和地理环境而独具特色。民间艺人掌握的相关技艺不仅是非物质文化遗产重要的组成部分,而且他们担负着传承并弘扬优秀非物质文化遗产的重任。近年来,剧烈的社会、文化变迁对民间艺人的存续产生了强烈冲击,很多非物质文化遗产的传承面临着后继乏人的问题。因此,立足于云南省保护和传承非物质文化遗产的实际情况,做好民间艺人档案的征集记录,对做好非物质文化遗产保护和传承工作有着重要意义。     

新形势下高校图书馆信息资源开发利用的思考

本文主要分析了在新形势下,高校图书馆信息服务所面临的巨大挑战,提出了一系列如何开发利用高校图书馆信息资源的对策和措施。     

中国西部突厥语民族创世神话母题文化阐释

本文以中国西部突厥语民族代表性创世神话为例,分析这类创世神话与人类在起源上相关性神话母题的特征和突厥语族创世神话呈现出的在特定历史、宗教背景下的文化形态,探讨了在这些神话中渗透出的鲜明的民族性和浓厚的地方特色,阐释了西部突厥语族创世神话母题的文化意义。