高等学校自主权概念研究

高等学校自主权是一个极其复杂的概念,源于西方大学的自治权,就性质而言,有时表现为权力,有时又表现为权利;就内容而言,有的表现为权力,有的表现为权威.在我国的权力语境中,高校自主权就是指高等学校依据法律、法规的规定,以办学目标为基础,以学术自由为主要内容,按照自身特点和内部规律的要求,由其章程所规定、效力只及于内部成员的自主决策、自主实施、自主承担责任的资格和能力.     

The Pinochet case: cosmopolitanism and intermestic human rights

This article explores the Pinochet case, widely heralded as a landmark, as a case of 'intermestic' human rights that raises difficult normative and empirical questions concerning cosmopolitan justice. The article is a contribution to the sociology of human rights from the perspective of methodological cosmopolitanism, developing conceptual tools and methods to study how cosmopolitanizing state institutions and cultural norms are inter-related. The argument is made that in order to understand issues of cosmopolitan justice, sociologists must give more consideration to political culture.     

Designing out vulnerability, building in respect: violence, safety and sex work policy

One recent finding about the prostitution market is the differences in the extent and nature of violence experienced between women who work on the street and those who work from indoor sex work venues. This paper brings together extensive qualitative fieldwork from two cities in the UK to unpack the intricacies in relation to violence and safety for indoor workers. Firstly, we document the types of violence women experience in indoor venues noting how the vulnerabilities surrounding work-based hazards are dependent on the environment in which sex is sold. Secondly, we highlight the protection strategies that indoor workers and management develop to maintain safety and order in the establishment. Thirdly, we use these empirical findings to suggest that violence should be a high priority on the policy agenda. Here we contend that the organizational and cultural conditions that seem to offer some protection from violence in indoor settings could be useful for informing the management of street sex work. Finally, drawing on the crime prevention literature, we argue that it is possible to go a considerable way to designing out vulnerability in sex work, but not only through physical and organizational change but building in respect for sex workers rights by developing policies that promote the employment/human rights and citizenship for sex workers. This argument is made in light of the Coordinated Prostitution Strategy.     

从人权保障的视角看刑事诉讼法的修改

为顺应我国政府履行国际人权公约规定的义务和推进人权保障进程的要求,针对我国刑事诉讼中极易侵犯犯罪嫌疑人和被告人人权的问题,明确提出了应以人权保障为主导思想来修改刑事诉讼法。指出了我国现行刑事诉讼法有关犯罪嫌疑人和被告人人权保障方面存在着犯罪嫌疑人无法充分获得律师帮助权、律师阅卷权受到限制、被告人的辩护权难以充分行使、缺乏明确的非法证据排除规则等诸多不足,参照部分国家有关强化犯罪嫌疑人和被告人人权保障的措施以及国际人权公约的规定,提出了我国修改刑事诉讼法的具体建议。     

权利视角下工时制度演进的历史回顾

工时制度历经数百余年的演进过程,从超越人体极限的十几个小时至现代社会适度工作时间的实现,各种权利思想扮演了重要角色。伴随启蒙运动中普遍性权利的觉醒,部分人权思想如平等、自由为后来工时制度演变起到了启蒙作用,启蒙运动后社会权的进一步发展则使劳动者实现了向社会人地位的转变。资本主义的发展使劳动时间的价值凸显并且劳动时间不断被延长,伴随着劳动者地位的改善及工人阶级权利意识的觉醒,工人发起缩短工时的罢工运动并成为工时制度演变的直接推动力。适度性是工时制度所追求的目标,伴随着各方的博弈,工时演变的最终结果是实现了各方的适度性,推动了社会的发展。     

人权保障的新近发展及其完善

近年来尤其新一届领导人执政以来,我国的人权保障有了巨大进展,但同时也在诸多方面存在亟需解决及逐步完善的问题。文章从人权观念、执政理念、法律制定、政策制订、司法举措、行政管理、人权普及、现有问题等几方面对之进行了初步总结。     

论对社区矫正对象的权利保障及其立法贯彻

社区矫正对象与监狱服刑人员一样,属于“犯罪(受刑)人”群体。当前的社区矫正试点工作,必须突出对矫正对象权利的保障。鉴于社区矫正立法的阙如,在中国未来的社区矫正法中,应明确肯认宪法的“国家尊重和保障人权”原则,并在规定社区矫正实施机构的管理职权和社区矫正对象的义务与权利等方面,要创设人道、科学、系统化的制度来保障社区矫正对象的法定权利。这既是落实宪法和有关国际人权规约的立法要求,也是革新社区矫正制度的根本价值所系。     

两种"公地悲剧"的比较与我国国有企业产权调整

对比两种“公地悲剧”的产权结构、成因和解决方式,可以发现产权结构调整与资源配置效率相适应是一个不断的试错过程,有效的产权制度必然促使成本与收益向行为者集中。产权结构调整与产权束调整是产权制度创新的主要方式。无论何种方式的产权制度变革都需遵循一定的规则,其调整的目的是降低交易成本、提高产权效率、增加产权主体收益。     

刑事司法沉默权刍议

沉默权是刑事诉讼中,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人享有的一项自然权利,是无罪推定原则的延伸。西方大多数国家在刑事诉讼中采取了沉默权制度,中国目前尚未有关于沉默权的明确规定。我国应借鉴国外的经验,加强立法确立沉默权制度,以完善我国刑事司法制度。     

关于金融债权维权的思考

金融债权维护难是当前金融业面临的普遍问题,也是创建金融安全区的极大障碍,文章在深入探讨金融债权维护难的原因基础上,有针对性地提出一些对策和建议。