Bayesian estimation of log odds ratios over two-way contingency tables with intraclass correlated cells

In this article, a Bayesian approach is proposed for the estimation of log odds ratios and intraclass correlations over a two-way contingency table, including intraclass correlated cells. Required likelihood functions of log odds ratios are obtained, and determination of prior structures is discussed. Hypothesis testing for log odds ratios and intraclass correlations by using the posterior simulations is outlined. Because the proposed approach includes no asymptotic theory, it is useful for the estimation and hypothesis testing of log odds ratios in the presence of certain intraclass correlation patterns. A family health status and limitations data set is analyzed by using the proposed approach in order to figure out the impact of intraclass correlations on the estimates and hypothesis tests of log odds ratios. Although intraclass correlations are small in the data set, we obtain that even small intraclass correlations can significantly affect the estimates and test results, and our approach is useful for the estimation and testing of log odds ratios in the presence of intraclass correlations.     

反射器天线的散射截面积

导出了任意旋转凹曲面天线的散射场计算公式。单反射面的镜面场由几何光学法(GO)得到,非轴向绕射场由一致性绕射理论(UTD)得到,轴向绕射场由等效电磁流法得到。对于卡塞格伦等型式的双反射器天线,总散射场应该是主、副面绕射场,副面镜面场和反射绕射场等各项的相位相加。文中给出了某些天线单站散射截面(RCS)的计算和实验结果。这种方法很容易推广到双站情况。     

Wigner－Ville分布在合成孔径雷达中的应用

分析了合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ：ＳｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃＡｐｏｒｔｕｒｅＲａｄａｒ）的成像模型和Ｗｉｇｎｅｒ－Ｖｉｌｌｅ分布（ＷＶＤ），并将ＷＶＤ用于提取ＳＡＲ中运动目标的多普勒参数，计算机模拟的结果验证了该方案的可行性。     

刍议自然科学与周作人人生观的形成

从跨学科的角度，探讨了自然科学——特别是生物学、生理学对周作人人生观形成的潜在影响及其原因，探究了他在观察人生和社会问题时体现出的科学的求真精神和认知方法。     

微博与大众媒体媒介间议程设置效果的交互性——以2012香港特区特首选举为焦点事件

受限于操作性障碍,大多有关微博议程设置作用的实证研究仍停留在质性状态和对定量支撑的寻求.微博议程仅仅是作为另一种网络形式的公众议程存在还是已深深嵌入大众媒体的议题选择过程中？本文选取2012香港特区特首选举作为焦点事件,利用内容分析和时滞相关性分析,从两级议程水平上探究新浪微博和作为传统媒体代表的报纸之间的媒介间议程设置流向.结果显示,微博与报纸在焦点事件进展过程中交替为对方设置议程并在事件发展到顶点阶段实现了强烈的议程互设,这表明微博不仅仅提供一种公众议程的获取途径,也完全有能力为大众媒介设置议程.     

结构参数对矮塔斜拉桥结构受力性能的影响分析

从边中跨比、索塔高跨比、无索区长度、主梁梁高4个参数方面研究其对跨中长距离等截面矮塔斜拉桥的主梁变形、内力及斜拉索索力等结构性能的影响,分析出各个参数在此类桥型中的合理取值范围,为以后的矮塔斜拉桥设计提供参考。     

Placing Families in Context: Challenges for Cross‐National Family Research

Cross‐national comparisons constitute a valuable strategy to assess how broader cultural, political, and institutional contexts shape family outcomes. One typical approach of cross‐national family research is to use comparable data from a limited number of countries, fit similar regression models for each country, and compare results across country‐specific models. Researchers increasingly are adopting a second approach, which requires merging data from many more societies and testing multilevel models using the pooled sample. Although the second approach has the advantage of allowing direct estimates of the effects of nation‐level characteristics, it is more likely to suffer from the problems of omitted‐variable bias, influential cases, and measurement and construct nonequivalence. The author discusses ways to improve the first approach's ability to infer macro‐level influences as well as how to deal with challenges associated with the second one. She also suggests choosing analytical strategies according to whether the data meet multilevel models' assumptions.     

The impact of period effects on dose level contrasts in alternating cross‐over designs for first‐time‐in‐human studies

For first‐time‐in‐human studies with small molecules alternating cross‐over designs are often employed and at study end are analyzed using linear models. We discuss the impact of including a period effect in the model on the precision with which dose level contrasts can be estimated and quantify the bias of least squares estimators if a period effect is inherent in the data that is not accounted for in the model. We also propose two alternative designs that allow a more precise estimation of dose level contrasts compared with the standard design when period effects are included in the model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A non-stationary spatial generalized linear mixed model approach for studying plant diversity

We analyze the multivariate spatial distribution of plant species diversity, distributed across three ecologically distinct land uses, the urban residential, urban non-residential, and desert. We model these data using a spatial generalized linear mixed model. Here plant species counts are assumed to be correlated within and among the spatial locations. We implement this model across the Phoenix metropolis and surrounding desert. Using a Bayesian approach, we utilized the Langevin–Hastings hybrid algorithm. Under a generalization of a spatial log-Gaussian Cox model, the log-intensities of the species count processes follow Gaussian distributions. The purely spatial component corresponding to these log-intensities are jointly modeled using a cross-convolution approach, in order to depict a valid cross-correlation structure. We observe that this approach yields non-stationarity of the model ensuing from different land use types. We obtain predictions of various measures of plant diversity including plant richness and the Shannon–Weiner diversity at observed locations. We also obtain a prediction framework for plant preferences in urban and desert plots.     

Happy Spouses,Happy Parents? Family Relationships Among Finnish and Dutch Dual Earners

In this study links between spousal and parent‐child relationships among Finnish (n = 157 couples) and Dutch (n = 276 couples) dual earners with young children were examined using paired questionnaire data. Variable‐oriented analyses (structural equation modeling with a multigroup procedure) supported the spillover hypothesis, as higher levels of satisfaction in the spousal relationship were related to higher quality in the parent‐child relationship and lower parental role restrictions. These connections did not differ by gender or country. With family typological analyses (mixture modeling), 4 family types were identified: families with satisfying relationships (73.4% of the families), families with unsatisfying parent‐child relationships (13.4%), and families with either dissatisfied men (6.0%) or dissatisfied women (7.2%).