Happy Spouses,Happy Parents? Family Relationships Among Finnish and Dutch Dual Earners

In this study links between spousal and parent‐child relationships among Finnish (n = 157 couples) and Dutch (n = 276 couples) dual earners with young children were examined using paired questionnaire data. Variable‐oriented analyses (structural equation modeling with a multigroup procedure) supported the spillover hypothesis, as higher levels of satisfaction in the spousal relationship were related to higher quality in the parent‐child relationship and lower parental role restrictions. These connections did not differ by gender or country. With family typological analyses (mixture modeling), 4 family types were identified: families with satisfying relationships (73.4% of the families), families with unsatisfying parent‐child relationships (13.4%), and families with either dissatisfied men (6.0%) or dissatisfied women (7.2%).     

Diversity in Work: The Heterogeneity of Women's Employment Patterns

Employment patterns are gender‐driven, yet analyses of women's employment have yet to explain this diversity across time. This article examines the variation in women's employment patterns across time and across countries. It focuses on the effects of individual differences in educational level, marital status and motherhood in The Netherlands, Germany and the UK across four birth cohorts for the period 1992–2002. The results from a quantitative study using panel data confirm the diversity in women's employment. At the same time, cross‐country variation is evident. While the results of this study confirm the diversity evident in women's employment patterns, they also attempt to explain the nature of this diversity. The analyses presented in this article demonstrate that the diversity in women's employment is persistent, yet dynamic. Furthermore, the diversity in employment is clearly marked by the division between parental and non‐parental employment, which has important implications for our theoretical understanding of women's employment.     

Series estimation for single‐index models under constraints

In this paper, a semi‐parametric single‐index model is investigated. The link function is allowed to be unbounded and has unbounded support that answers a pending issue in the literature. Meanwhile, the link function is treated as a point in an infinitely many dimensional function space which enables us to derive the estimates for the index parameter and the link function simultaneously. This approach is different from the profile method commonly used in the literature. The estimator is derived from an optimisation with the constraint of identification condition for the index parameter, which addresses an important problem in the literature of single‐index models. In addition, making use of a property of Hermite orthogonal polynomials, an explicit estimator for the index parameter is obtained. Asymptotic properties for the two estimators of the index parameter are established. Their efficiency is discussed in some special cases as well. The finite sample properties of the two estimates are demonstrated through an extensive Monte Carlo study and an empirical example.     

Comparing Child Poverty Risk by Family Structure During the 2008 Recession

Children in nonmarried families are at greater risk for poverty and especially so during a time of macroeconomic recession. Using carefully harmonized data, the authors analyze child poverty among nonmarried families before and during the 2008 recession in five liberal welfare states: Australia, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Although having similar demographic compositions, the authors document wide cross‐national variation in poverty risk based on marital status and gender of the household head. Through the recession, child poverty in Canada and the United Kingdom declined while it increased in Australia and Ireland and was largely unchanged in the United States. Decomposing changes within countries over time, family benefits in the form of income transfers play a major role in reducing poverty for nonmarried families. In all countries, children in cohabitating families were less protected from market instability.     

Variance-balanced row–column designs involving diallel crosses incorporating specific combining abilities for comparing test lines with a control line

In this paper, the problem of comparing t test lines with a control line under a row–column setup in complete diallel cross experiment is investigated when specific combining ability (sca) effect is included in the model. Three classes of Mating-Environmental Row–Column (MERC) designs have been obtained which are variance balanced for estimating the contrasts pertaining to general combining ability (gca) effects free from sca effects.     

基于NSM理论的跨文化语用学研究述评 —— 兼评经典语用学理论的局限性

跨文化语用学研究无法回避两个问题,一是交际中跨文化差异的定型现象;二是描写跨文化差异的元语言。前者是所谓的经典语用学理论普遍存在的问题;后者则是自然语义元语言理论始终致力于解决的方法论问题。作为研究人类互动性交际的语用学是语义学的一部分,因此跨文化语用学就是人类交际的语义学研究。自然语义元语言理论的贡献就在于运用普遍的元语言来描写交际中的跨文化差异,避免了盎格鲁中心主义。     

Is there a causal relationship between oil prices and tourist arrivals?

This application note investigates the causal relationship between oil price and tourist arrivals to further explain the impact of oil price volatility on tourism-related economic activities. The analysis itself considers the time domain, frequency domain and information theory domain perspectives. Data relating to US and nine European countries are exploited in this paper with causality tests which include time domain, frequency domain, and Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM). The CCM approach is nonparametric and therefore not restricted by assumptions. We contribute to existing research through the successful and introductory application of an advanced method, and via the uncovering of significant causal links from oil prices to tourist arrivals.     

“跨界民族”概念辨析

目前在跨界民族的研究中存在着概念多样性的尴尬局面,虽经学界多年的论争,仍无法达成一致.笔者认为对于基本概念的模糊,不利于学理的严谨和研究的深入.因此笔者列举出跨界民族研究中几个容易混淆的概念,比如"跨界民族"、"跨境民族"、"跨国民族"、"跨界人民"、"历史民族"、"文化民族"、"无国家民族",并通过对以上语义相近的概念一一进行辨析,以使人们对跨界民族有一个更为清晰的认识.     

以工为主院校交叉学科的建设与发展思路探讨

在建设综合性大学过程中，以工为主的高校如何加强学科内涵建设，促进学科交叉，对于学科乃至学校的可持续性发展至关重要。本文主要从理工融合和传统特色学科带动新兴边缘学科发展两个层面，来探讨以工为主院校交叉学科建设与发展的思路。