纵横交错的时空张弛有致的节奏--论《丧钟为谁而鸣》的叙述结构与节奏

《丧钟为谁而鸣》就其叙述结构和叙述节奏来说,不愧为海明威“最成功最伟大的小说”,充分展现了海明威“十八年来所了解的有关西班牙的一切”。表层时空结构横截生活一个片段,使其结构相当紧凑;意识流手法的运用,使其在纵向的空间与时间中塑造人物形象,探讨深刻、严肃的问题,为历史存照。这无疑增加了作品的厚重和张力。参差有致的形式,情境上的“忙闲”处理,文脉的延续、照应和变化,形成了张弛有致的节奏,显示了收放自如的纯熟艺术技巧。     

亲手犯与身份犯关系辨析——以实行行为类型为视角

亲手犯虽最初以间接正犯的对立物出现,但在根本上应从犯罪的性质出发,以法益侵害和构成要件定型性作为主体与行为能否分离的判断要素。亲手犯与身份犯的关系上,同一说与排斥说均有不妥之处;将身份犯的实行行为作可让渡的实行行为、部分可让渡的实行行为,以及不可让渡的实行行为之类型划分,可以较清晰地厘清身份犯与亲手犯之间的交叉关系。     

A-optimal diallel crosses for test versus control comparisons

A-optimality of block designs for control versus test comparisons in diallel crosses is investigated. A sufficient condition for designs to be A-optimal is derived. Type S₀ designs are defined and A-optimal type S₀ designs are characterized. A lower bound to the A-efficiency of type S₀ designs is also given. Using the lower bound to A-efficiency, type S₀ designs are shown to yield efficient designs for test versus control comparisons.     

ON CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR GENERALIZED ADDITIVE MODELS BASED ON PENALIZED REGRESSION SPLINES

Generalized additive models represented using low rank penalized regression splines, estimated by penalized likelihood maximisation and with smoothness selected by generalized cross validation or similar criteria, provide a computationally efficient general framework for practical smooth modelling. Various authors have proposed approximate Bayesian interval estimates for such models, based on extensions of the work of Wahba, G. (1983) [Bayesian confidence intervals for the cross validated smoothing spline. J. R. Statist. Soc. B 45 , 133–150] and Silverman, B.W. (1985) [Some aspects of the spline smoothing approach to nonparametric regression curve fitting. J. R. Statist. Soc. B 47 , 1–52] on smoothing spline models of Gaussian data, but testing of such intervals has been rather limited and there is little supporting theory for the approximations used in the generalized case. This paper aims to improve this situation by providing simulation tests and obtaining asymptotic results supporting the approximations employed for the generalized case. The simulation results suggest that while across‐the‐model performance is good, component‐wise coverage probabilities are not as reliable. Since this is likely to result from the neglect of smoothing parameter variability, a simple and efficient simulation method is proposed to account for smoothing parameter uncertainty: this is demonstrated to substantially improve the performance of component‐wise intervals.     

浅析需求弹性在旅游产品定价中的应用

旅游产品价格竞争是旅游市场的必然现象,价格的良性竞争不仅可以抑制价格上扬,还能提升产品质量,而且可以有效的提高经济效益和市场占有率。但是过度价格竞争,则背离了价值规律,既扰乱了旅游市场,又损害了消费者利益。正确使用需求弹性原理获得合理的旅游产品价格,可使旅游企业和消费者的利益获得双赢。     

坚持跨界教育 培养创业型艺术人才

跨界教育能够克服时下高等院校专业性太强而知识面过窄的问题，注重综合素质的提高以及人的知识的全面发展，有利于培养一专多能的人才，充分体现了从“知识本位”到“以人为本”的教育观念的更新。跨界教育还注重知识的更替和运用、教学方法的丰富、教学手段的灵活多变，以及对学生创业潜能的不断挖掘。     

青年心理的独特研究与启示 ——浅谈米德关于青年心理的跨文化研究

介绍米德关于青年心理跨文化研究的独特性，并探讨其对我国当今教育的启示。     

留学生在寄宿家庭中的文化交流问题分析

许多国际学生选择寄宿（Homestay）在当地居民家生活。与当地居民的交流是推动文化学习的关键，这是留学生选择寄宿生活的主要原因之一，同时与当地居民在文化上密切的社会交往会形成积极的人际关系和对异域生活产生良好的适应作用。作者从留学生的角度探讨了国际学生在寄宿家庭生活中遇到的思乡、语言障碍、生活文化差异等主要问题，肯定了在应对这些问题时积极交流所起的作用。成功的交流需要交流过程中的自我反思意识。     

Work–family Management among Low‐wage Service Workers and Assistant Professors in the USA: A Comparative Intersectional Analysis

Noting an inattention to the specific ways in which class, race, and gender combine to affect work–family management, we conducted a qualitative exploration of the processes of intersectionality. Our analysis relies on two points on a continuum of class experiences provided by two groups of predominately white female workers: low‐wage service workers and assistant professors. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with each group, we examine the similarities and differences in their experiences of negotiating their work worlds as they tried to meet family demands. We focus on the ways in which class and gender interacted to shape these women's everyday lives in different ways. While we found that women privileged by class were privileged in their abilities to manage work and family demands, we also found that class shaped the gendered experiences of these women differently. Our data suggest that, in the realm of work–family management, class mutes gendered experiences for assistant professors while it exacerbates gendered experiences for women working in the low‐wage service sector. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of considering intersecting hierarchies when examining women's lived experiences in families and workplaces, but provides an empirical example of the workings of intersectionality.