China’s Choice of Analytical Models for Its Anti-Monopoly Law

Modern analytical models for anti-monopoly laws are a core element of the application of those laws. Since the Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China was promulgated in 2008, law enforcement and judicial authorities have applied different analytical models, leading to divergent legal and regulatory outcomes as similar cases receive different verdicts. To select a suitable analytical model for China’s Anti-Monopoly Law, we need to consider the possible contribution of both economic analysis and legal formalism and to learn from the mature systems and experience of foreign countries. It is also necessary to take into account such binding constraints as the current composition of China’s anti-monopoly legal system, the ability of implementing agencies and the supply of economic analysis, in order to ensure complementarity between the analytical model chosen and the complexity of economic analysis and between the professionalism of implementing agencies and the cost of compliance for participants in economic activities. In terms of institutional design, the models should provide a considered explanation of the legislative aims of the law’s provisions. It is necessary, therefore, to establish a processing model of behavioral classification that is based on China’s national conditions, applies analytical models using normative comprehensive analysis, makes use of the distribution rule of burden of proof, improves supporting systems related to analytical models and enhances the ability of public authorities to implement the law.     

论人的全面发展的规律

人的全面发展,是一个逐步提高、永无止境的历史过程.正如历史发展有规律可循一样,人的全面发展的规律也是客观存在的.本文探讨了人的全面发展的三个规律:人能够把社会生产力创造的财富转化为严格控制和自由驾驭的内动力的规律,人能够按照自己的意愿自主地选择行为的规律,人的认识受到客体性质和主体感知能力制约的规律.     

论"德法并举"的治国方略

“德法并举”治国方略的提出是我党在治国方略上的完善和创新。文章分析了这一治国方略确立的深刻根源，阐述了其对发展先进生产力、发展先进文化和维护最广大人民根本利益具有的不可低估的战略意义。文章最后还提出了对实现“德法并举”治国方略的几点思考。     

在我国建立亲权制度之探讨

亲权是大陆法系各国民法中规范亲子关系的重要法律制度，但在我国民法和婚姻法中都无此规定。鉴于我国亲子法律关系在立法上的缺陷与不足，笔者提出要建立亲权制度，将亲权和监护分别规定，以监护作为亲权的补充，来完善我国的婚姻家庭立法制度。     

“票据行为诚信”原则再认识——基于票据法技术性特征

票据制度的产生与发展是商品经济发达的重要体现,是交易规模突破地域限制的一种新发展。相比中世纪末就创造了票据制度的欧洲,新中国的票据制度发展起步于上个世纪80年代,1995年颁布《中华人民共和国票据法》（以下简称《票据法》）是票据发展的里程碑,这种缺乏历史底蕴的“快车道”立法必然存在一些“瑕疵”。虽然2004年修改了《票据法》的有关规定,但违背了“票据技术性”的第10条并没有废止,这一关于“票据行为诚信”原则的规定与票据制度技术性特征相左,导致了票据法灵魂——“票据外观化”形同虚设,应当在将来的票据法修改中去除。     

我国反垄断执法机构革新探析

国内外的实践证明,反垄断执法机构在规制经营者竞争行为、维护市场竞争秩序、保护消费者权益等方面均有着重要的地位。我国《反垄断法》于2007年8月30日通过,自2008年8月1日起施行。执法四年多来,我国的反垄断法执法机构存在许多不足之处,其中反垄断法执法机构的统一性、权威性、能力建设（CapacityBuilding）等方面值得我们关注。     

论行政主体的积极义务

强化行政主体的积极义务是当代行政法治的基本格局。行政主体的积极义务是行政主体为了满足公共利益的需要,在没有严格法律规定的情况下积极主动履行的、严格遵守法定行政程序的以促进社会发展为目的的义务。其主要类型包括积极实现宪法基本原则的义务、促进社会福利的义务、改善社会环境的义务等七项。行政主体积极义务的提出对于更新我国的行政法治观念和行政立法格局、促进服务型政府建立都具有重大意义。     

The moral hazard of conditionality: Restoring the integrity of social security law

This article examines the extent to which the Australian and UK social security systems meet their legal obligations to provide basic relief to citizens in need. Conditionality and “mutual obligation” are at the core of both the UK and Australian social security systems and are based on the concept of moral hazard, the goal being to ensure that claimants do not consider living on benefits to be preferable to engaging in paid work. Yet, we argue that the element of “mutuality” is missing in both systems; welfare claimants are subject to myriad conditions and obligations, whilst the state operates free of any legal responsibility to provide even basic relief to those in need, to prevent or alleviate extreme poverty and destitution. We outline the extent to which Australian and UK social security laws require governments to relieve destitution, examining both domestic and human rights law. We conclude that legal protections are weak and that both systems fail to meet the basic conditions of humanity toward their citizens. On this basis, we argue that such failings demonstrate a lack of integrity which undermines the standing of both the UK and Australia to invoke a claim of moral hazard to defend claimant conditionality.     

风险刑法理论研究中的错位与检讨

社会风险不能等同于刑法危险,但二者存在动态交叉关系,社会风险可以通过刑事政策转变为刑法中的危险。风险刑法首先是现代刑法应对风险过程中自觉的结果,是现代刑法体系的同质组成部分。从贝克划分社会形态的时间考虑,我国早已进入风险社会,且是全面而非局部风险社会。我国社会主要矛盾的转变使我国社会风险在质上表现为严重危害公共安全和公共利益,在量上表现为风险的相对增多,从刑法的应对上来看,似乎只能选择刑法提前介入。风险刑法理论的中国展开应该从实然和应然两个层面出发,前者旨在突出风险刑法的教义学研究,后者需要从社会风险自身的特点出发,有针对性地调整刑法体系,以期防控风险、创造安全。