试论"庄子叹骷髅"故事之嬗变

“庄子叹骷髅”故事是《庄子·至乐》中的一则寓言,自产生后在不同时期展现出不同的故事内涵,具有相当的研究价值。战国时期,故事已经成型,表现出乱世的乐死悲生的生命观。魏晋时期,很多文人对其进行了改编,故事形式由寓言变为抒情赋,主题也从死亡赞变为死亡叹,故事的哲学内涵也有了较大的改变。到明清时期,“庄子叹骷髅”故事进入到戏曲和小说,并以说道情的形式在民间广为流传。故事增加了骷髅复活情节,讽刺世态炎凉和小人恩将仇报的内涵,使“庄子叹骷髅”故事成为文学宝库中的一朵奇葩。     

论庄子的生死观

以“生死一体”与“安之若命”两个截然相反的命题为出发点,探索庄子对待生死的态度。庄子在“无为而为”的自觉意识中将生命历程的个体体验塑造成一个中心圆的世界,生和死是起点和终点的重合,死生成为一体。安之若命是生命得以延续、实现生命之自然价值的无可奈何之举,其最终目的是突破生死而得“道”,超越自我达到无待,实现逍遥的精神价值。     

步入重生的美学——解读《山音》的老年主题

《山音》是川端康成战后代表作之一。文中,信吾经历了反对死亡、接受死亡和超越死亡的三阶段后,渐悟出"万物一如轮回转生"思想。重生与超越体现了信吾思想意识的升华,也标志着作品老年主题的深化和作品精神境界的升华。小说不仅以其幽玄的美烘托出"老"在生命轮回流转中的独特意义,而且它独特的审美意趣更能让读者真正领略到新的艺术洞天。     

Social Work,Siblings, and SIDS: Conceptual and Case-Based Guidance for Family System Intervention

ABSTRACT

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic loss event within the family, impacting adults as well as children. This article uses three case illustrations to discuss the role of a SIDS event on the family system with a special focus on the emergent challenges for surviving siblings of various ages. Practice application examples are woven throughout the review to illustrate the age-specific grief responses which may occur following a SIDS event. The article also presents a theoretically supported intervention matrix that integrates models of bereavement support and family system responses, taking into account children's varying developmental needs and tasks based on sibling age.     

Conversations at the End of Life

Abstract

Oregon's Death with Dignity Act (ODWDA) has been in effect for eight years. The United States Supreme Court recently decided that Oregon's law did not violate the Controlled Substances Act. Other states may consider a law similar to Oregon's through legislative process or ballot measures. Although social work is not mentioned in the law, our profession interfaces with the terminally ill, particularly in hospice. Eighty-seven percent of those who have used the law were enrolled in a hospice program. As a pilot project, this article explores conversations that the authors have had with patients, families, team members and health systems in hospices and oncology settings under Oregon's unique environment. The following four themes emerged from these conversations: (1) mental health, education, choice; (2) team concerns; (3) family issues; and (4) values, ethics, restricted conversations and professional struggles.     

社会管理创新语境下的死刑问题思考

“社会管理创新”重大命题的提出,为死刑制度改革提供了历史机遇.死刑不仅是一种刑罚方法,更是一种重要的社会管理手段.从符合“善治”目标,避免死刑消极效果,正确看待死刑化解社会矛盾功能等方面的要求出发,在社会管理创新语境中,死刑制度必须进行改革创新.学界应当抓住社会管理创新契机,遵循司法限制到立法减少的路径,积极、渐进推进中国死刑制度改革.     

The internal death of Japanoise

Japanese noise music (Japanoise) has strong associations with death. In the early stages of Japanoise’s development, practitioners would often make reference to eroticism, violence and death in their performances and album artwork to help visualise the “excess” of their sound. The discourse of Japanoise also draws on these associations, through concepts such as disembodiment, to help frame this transgressive enterprise. Death becomes a way of visualising and conceptualising a subversive style of music that attempts to leave the world of limits and meaning. Paul Hegarty and Eugene Thacker both account for Japanoise in these terms. Although death is only implicit in their writing, it will be argued that this understanding of death is essential to what Hegarty means by failure and what Thacker means by disembodiment. This paper will show how, for both theorists, death names a paradoxical yet extreme form of possibility that enables Japanoise to test limits. However, the problem with this understanding is that it holds Japanoise to a limited framework. It essentialises the concepts of negativity and subversion to the economy of Japanoise. This paper will argue that Japanoise cannot be limited to these concepts if it hopes to be more than an oppositional form of music and a tired form of transgression. This requires that its relationship with death not be reduced to a form of production or act of will. By arguing that Hegarty and Thacker’s accounts of noise can be read as Heideggerian, this essay will critique this understanding by drawing on Maurice Blanchot’s account of death. This critique will show how a different understanding of death enables a more nuanced understanding of Japanoise.     

"I Do" or Don't:

Although the health and social benefits of physical activity have been well documented, a majority of females at every life stage are insufficiently active to acquire those benefits. Explanations for this lack of commitment to physical activity have not been found. Marriage, as a social role and life circumstance, has been neglected as a possible explanation for the inactive lie patterns of women. This paper highlights the available scientific evidence on the relationships of marital status and spousal influence with the leisure-time physical activity of women throughout the lifespan. Research showed that women's leisure-time physical activity decreased upon marriage. The major factor in the maintenance of healthy levels of exercise for married women at all ages appeared to be a physically active and supportive spouse.     

Change,Resources and Self-Esteem in a Community of Women Religious

The effect of change and resources to cope with that change on self-esteem is explored in a study of a community of Catholic women religious. These middle-aged and elderly women are highly educated with life long attachment to the workforce. In addition, they have all experienced a high degree of change in their lives. The amount of change was found to be related to self-esteem as were specific social and psychological coping resources. A sense of being in control of one's life was an important predictor of selfesteem, and was itself affected by the amount of change experienced. The number of close friends that could be identified was related to self-esteem. Age and physical disability were not directly related to self-esteem when other variables were controlled, but rather affected self-esteem indirectly throu h feelings of control over one's life. Similarities between these f indings and studies of elderly women in the general population are emphasized and implications for the future are presented.     

Social issues in contemporary native America: reflections from Turtle Island

The purpose of this study was to explore how the death and dying-related beliefs of caregivers influence their actual caregiving behavior, and to explore factors that may prevent them from translating these beliefs into functional behavior. Using a biopsychosocial-spiritual- environmental framework, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with three primary caregivers of patients diagnosed with terminal illness. Caregiving behavior was found to be associated with the biopsychosocial-spiritual-environmental beliefs of the caregivers. These beliefs could have been influenced by the caregivers' past experiences with death and dying. Financial difficulty might also be a main obstacle hindering caregivers from providing the kind of care they believed was best for the patients.