农民工身份转换困境：基于公共物品供给的影响

农民工身份转换是我国工业化加速发展所带来的重要实践问题。在我国的快速工业化进程中,农民工难以独自完成身份转换,陷入身份转换困境。学界对于农民工身份转换困境的原因展开了广泛的探讨,本文从财政分权和公共物品供给的角度对农民工身份转换困境的深层次原因进行分析,提出阻碍农民工身份转换的制度性障碍得以存在的基础是公共物品供给存在的城乡差距,而这种差距又与我国财政分权体制密不可分。     

Decentring the NHS: A Case Study of Resource Allocation Decisions within a Health District

The aim of New Labour's health policy is to shift more of the balance of power and responsibility for services to the local level. But, while the government proclaims a new decentralized NHS, doubts exist about the extent to which the reality on the ground matches the tone of policy. This article reports empirical work examining the level of autonomy purchasers have over budgetary allocation. A case study analysis of purchasing within a single district was undertaken for the financial year 2001/2 which included semi‐structured interviews with key officers responsible for budget allocation. Purchasers approach a new financial year with a starting position that matches the previous year's allocation—the “baseline”, this is adjusted for inflation and, as has happened over the last few years, increased further in real terms by “growth funds” for service modernization and government initiatives. The analysis shows a clear dissonance between policy and practice; although purchasers have complete control over their “baseline budgets”, the study found that this does not “ring true” at the local level. Only about a fifth of growth funds were at the discretion of purchasers as most are taken by national priorities and pay and price inflation. Further decentralization is planned, which includes transferring more control of funds to primary care trusts by 2004, the extent to which these measures will change the perceptions of those working in the service remains to be seen—only then will the government be able to claim a truly decentred service.     

从传播的局限到自由的传播—人类传播活动发展的历史分析

从历史的维度来考察人类传播的一般趋势,可以发现,随着传播媒介的不断进步,人类传播活动经历了一个由集中向分散发展的历程,这个过程是人类不断摆脱传播的局限,去实现自由的传播的过程.     

信息技术对组织权力分配影响：在集权化基础上的分权

对信息技术与组织权力分配问题进行了文献分析,并在此基础上提出信息技术对组织权力分配产生了一定的影响,认为组织可利用信息技术对权力分配作出安排,即在加强集权化的基础上,进行可控的、标准化的组织分权。     

最优财政分权度初探

一个有效的经济 ,必须是一个对资源、机会、风险及社会权力进行有效配置的经济。就财政方面而言 ,在中央和地方政府之间如何就税收收入进行分配 ,并使其达到最优 ,直接涉及到中央政府和地方政府为经济活动提供所必须的公共产品的积极性。以国家公共产品、地方公共产品和私人资本为投入变量的Cobb -Douglas生产函数的分析表明 ,地方政府占有的税收收入的比例 ,等于地方公共产品的弹性除以地方公共产品的弹性与国家公共产品的弹性之和的所得时 ,财政分权度达到最优。     

企业跨国经营面临的政治风险及其防范

政治风险是企业跨国经营和海外投资必须考虑的一个重要风险问题。通过对当前企业跨国经营面临的政治风险及其表现形式的分析,并提出了政治风险的防范策略,具体包括对外直接投资前的预防性策略、经营过程中的分散性策略以及风险发生后的缓解性策略,以避免或减轻企业跨国经营过程中政治风险所带来的不利影响。     

财政分权、税收负担与区域生态环境质量

聚焦当前生态文明建设与财政体制改革等热点问题,构建含有生态环境与财政分权变量的四部门内生增长模型,全面考察财政分权、税收负担以及研发创新等因素的环境影响机制;构建面板模型与门槛模型,针对区域异质性特征展开实证研究。研究结果显示:（1）财政分权与税收负担均导致环境污染加剧,考虑交互效应则两者互相产生负向调节作用,即在一定程度上缓解削弱各自产生的污染效应,环境质量具有滞后加剧效应。（2）西部地区表现出税收改善环境趋势以及创新后发优势;中部地区表现出人力资本和人均GDP环境提升效应;东部沿海地区表现出FDI占比环境提升效应。（3）财政分权与税收负担均产生非线性环境影响,人均GDP与FDI占比具有双重门槛效应。基于以上结论,在财税政策协调互补前提下,针对不同区域的地理、经济异质性特征制定差异化环境提升策略,最终达成环境保护与财政经济的和谐双赢局面。     

The limits of participatory democracy and the inclusion of social movements in local government

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the decentralisation of decision-making processes in local government. Empirically, I analyse how Brazilian housing movements are included in participatory processes by examining the ways in which participatory models integrate social movements in spaces of decision-making. I argue that the rules and focus on incremental policy-making limits the participation of social movements. Findings suggests that unequal power structures at local councils, barriers to the participation of citizens, and the lack of transparency of government decisions all prevent social movements from having a more influential voice in decision-making. Although previous studies in Brazil examined the integration of citizens in government institutions, this paper contributes to the literature in two ways: firstly, it provides new evidence on the impact of decentralisation in local government. Secondly, by examining the attitudes of housing council members towards popular political participation, it provides new insights into the limits of decentralisation and participatory governance in contemporary Brazil.     

收入与增长权衡:分权下地方政府努力方向研究

基于1999-2013年全国30省际数据,利用动态面板模型,考察了财政分权深化下地方政府的努力方向。结果表明:在财政分权初期,地方政府因获得更多的资源支配权,其积极性被充分调动出来,并极大促进了经济增长和地方财政收入的增加。但随着财政分权进一步深化,其对经济增长推动作用逐渐减弱,而对地方财税增加的推进作用依然存在,地方政府的努力方向由此产生扭曲,稳定并提高地方财税增速成为其首要目标。建立合理的地方政府考核制度,完善财政分权制度,对于稳定地方经济增长速度,突破中等收入陷阱至关重要。     

产业疏解能带动人口疏解吗？--基于北京市流动人口定居意愿的视角

以产业疏解带动人口疏解是北京市近年来控制流动人口膨胀发展的措施之一。通过研究北京市流动人口定居意愿发现：北京市重点疏解的产业领域是流动人口定居意愿比较强烈的行业。从事批发零售业、文教卫生业、居民服务业等行业的流动人口更愿意定居北京,客观的政策实施与主观的定居意愿之间的冲突可能会阻碍产业疏解措施的实施效果。决定流动人口定居的主要因素是收入和公共服务,因此积极发展中小城市,缩小城市间的差距,才能从根本上解决大城市人口过度集中的问题。