论诉讼时效制度的援用

诉讼时效援用制度的核心问题就是什么主体能够援用诉讼时效制度进行抗辩。自罗马法以来,关于诉讼时效的援用就有一条通行原则,那就是法院不能主动援用诉讼时效方法。现在,这一原则已经为西方各国所普遍接受,然而我国对于诉讼时效援用问题的法律规定却不完善。文章通过分析诉讼时效制度援用的内涵,并且对比国内外相关规定,得出＂诉讼时效制度只能由当事人援用,人民法院不得主动援用的结论＂,并进一步分析其法理,提出立法建议。     

论我国辩护律师的角色定位

辩护律师不仅是被告人的权益代言人,而且也是社会正义的捍卫者。其社会角色的多元必然导致角色冲突的出现。为了解决这一问题,就应该从我国的现实出发寻求民众对辩护律师角色的定位,并通过立法将这一定位明确化、法制化。从而,将冲突的程度抑至最小化,使我国辩护律师制度的功效得到充分的发挥。     

法国律师在司法体制中的作用

在法国,律师有严格的准入制度,并在传统上担负着两项主要职能——协助与代理,律师通过行使辩护权、代理权、调查权等权利充分为当事人服务。法国律师的执业模式也有所不同,可以分为个人执业、合伙执业、民事专业公司、有限责任公司等不同模式,其中个人执业与合伙执业占据多数。可以说,律师制度是适应一定国家法制的需要逐步形成和发展起来的,即只有国家法制的需要,才是产生律师制度的前提和依据。我国律师制度尚不成熟,应学习借鉴法国律师制度的成熟机制,不断完善我国的律师制度,营造良好的律师执业环境。     

秦汉北部边防建设

秦汉重视加强北部边防建设,一是边防军队力量建设,派重兵驻防北边,主要有边郡兵、将屯兵、屯田兵和民族兵等,形成了比较强大的边防军事力量;二是边防的军事设施建设,大规模修筑边塞防御工程,建城筑堡,修障造燧,开拓道路,修筑的垣墙、城障、亭燧、烽台、关隘、军用道路和粮秣武库等军事设施,具有战斗、指挥、观察、通信、隐藏等综合功能,奠定了御敌、反击的坚实基础;三是边防经济建设,实施移民实边、积粟输边、军队屯边的移民屯垦政策,增强边防经济实力;四是边防防御能力建设,配置精良的武器装备,提高武器装备的技术性能,采用激励政策,用人以能,考核以绩,晋升以功,对违法失职的边防军追究责任,充分调动边防军提高技能的积极性,加强军事训练,发展骑兵部队,提高军队技术水平,建设精锐之师、无敌之师;五是边防和谐社会建设,对少数民族一方面施以缔约媾和、赏赐怀柔等恩德,另一方面武力征讨,施加威力,示以惩罚,还加强对待少数民族的防御,有备无患。秦汉北部边防建设有两个显著的特点,一是建章立制,二是财政投入力度大,保障了北部边防建设的正常有序进行。秦汉北部边防建设,增强了边防军事力量,提高了边防军的防御能力,有效地抵御外敌入侵,确保了边防的安全,巩固与维护了中原内腹地区的社会安定和经济繁荣,促进了北边地区的经济开发,加速了民族融合。     

Towards a critical discourse analysis of New Zealand security policy in Afghanistan

ABSTRACT

Rather than ask why New Zealand supported the intervention, this paper focuses on how representations of New Zealand and the international terrorist threat resulted in public acquiescence to a pre-emptive strike by the world's sole superpower against one of the poorest, most war-torn countries in the world. The paper concludes that legitimacy was achieved through the blending of themes of terrorism and war, national interest and democracy, rule of law and human rights, to produce an ambiguous ‘international campaign against terrorism’ that allowed for picking and choosing of the most convenient position on different matters. The alternative—to refuse moral and material support for the United States-led ‘war on terror’—was to risk New Zealand's membership of the United States-led international community and a ‘seat at the table’ in future international trade and security negotiations. As such, any campaign benefits appear to have accrued to New Zealand rather than Afghanistan or the Afghan people, especially given the parlous state of that country in 2018. A wide-ranging debate within New Zealand on the purpose of such interventions is needed before similar commitments are made in the future.     

我国侦查讯问程序中的“辩护律师在场权”研究

赋予律师侦查讯问过程中的在场权,是侦查程序改革的关键议题之一。西方国家在"保卫人权、制约公权力"的理念支撑下,已经践行"侦查讯问程序中的律师在场权"。在相关理论与实践方面,我国均显不足与滞后,相关争议与舆情越显紧迫。立足我国国情,批判性地参鉴西方国家相关制度与实践中的普适元素,加强这方面的理论研究,为后期的制度设计、法治理念宣传、配套措施的完善及准确试点提供思维导引与智力支持,最大限度地实现法治社会中的公平与正义。     

在党员、干部中构筑拒腐防变的思想道德防线

高等学校要按照“三个代表”的要求,在党员、干部中构筑一道拒腐防变的思想道德防线,严防领导干部思想道德滑坡,杜绝各种腐败现象滋生;要努力使党员、干部在政治思想、利益得失、生活起居和社会交流等方面以身作则、严于律己、做出表率,把好四个关口。     

理想与现实:控辩平等的宏观考察

作为现代刑事诉讼法的公理性原则之一,控辩平等原则要求在代表国家追诉的检察院和作为个人应诉的被告人之间实现权利对等、地位平等,它包括平等武装和平等保护两层涵义.控辩失衡是我国刑事诉讼中的控辩关系的基本现状,对此,应当通过刑事诉讼制度和程序的重构来加以扭正.     

Democracy and Military Expenditure: A Cross-Country Evidence

The growth effects of the degree of democracy have recently been analysed in the literature. However, there is no general agreement as to the net effect of democracy on economic growth. Another strand of literature analyses the effects of increased levels of democracy on peace, arguing that as the degree of democracy increases, the probability of conflict between countries declines. From this line of argument it follows that more-democratic countries allocate less of their scarce resources for defence purposes than less-democratic states. This paper tests empirically if there is a negative relationship between the degree of democracy and defence expenditures. The empirical analysis is based on data for up to 92 countries for the time period 1987–1997. The relationship between the military expenditure and democracy is investigated by using cross section and panel estimation techniques. The results suggest that higher degree of democracy is associated with lower levels of military expenditure.     

论律师事务所的工商登记

由于对律师性质认识上的偏差,我国对律师事务所实行只经司法行政机关批准成立即可开业的管理方式,排除了工商行政机关对律师事务所的管理。律师事务所作为中介组织、企业组织或者合伙组织应办理工商登记,从统一和规范法律服务市场角度讲也应办理工商登记。完善律师事务所的工商登记制度,加强对律师事务所的工商监督管理,有利于律师事务所的公司制改革,有利于律师事业的发展和与国际接轨。