基于回归分析的国内天然橡胶需求预测分析

依据国内1991-2010年天然橡胶消费量、天然橡胶进口金额、天然橡胶进口量、轮胎销售额、天然橡胶单产的数据,利用EVIEWS3.1软件建立国内天然橡胶需求、供给模型.根据模型使用时间序列分析预测方法,预测未来10年中国天然橡胶的需求趋势.     

Confidence Sets for Cointegrating Coefficients Based on Stationarity Tests

Standard methods for inference in cointegrating systems require all the variables to have exact unit roots and are not at all robust even to slight violations of this condition. In this article, I consider an alternative approach to inference in a cointegrating system. This involves testing the hypothesis that a cointegrating vector takes on a specified value by testing for the stationarity of the associated residual. Confidence sets for the cointegrating vector can be constructed by exploiting the equivalence between tests and confidence sets. This method has the advantage that it remains valid even if the regressors have roots that are not exactly equal to unity.     

中国城镇居民肉类需求的单位价值弹性估计偏差研究

当前,对中国居民肉类需求的价格弹性估计多是利用汇总数据和用单位价值替代市场价格进行估计,而产品质量变化会导致用单位价值估计的价格弹性有偏。鉴此,利用全国984个样本汇总数据,估计城镇居民对猪牛羊禽肉的各种弹性,并且对利用单位价值估计的单位价值弹性和真实的价格弹性之间的偏差进行估计。结论显示:通过单位价值估计的价格弹性(单位价值弹性)高估了真实的价格弹性;随着收入水平的提高城镇居民对肉类质量水平需求会不断提高,通过单位价值高估的价格弹性程度将更强,因此对单位价值弹性偏差的衡量越发重要。     

Consumer Preferences and Demand for Annuities: Evidence From Hong Kong

Retirees without annuities in Hong Kong confront longevity and investment risks. Despite these risks, there is very limited uptake of annuities. This study identifies product and consumer characteristics that are associated with the demand for annuities in Hong Kong. We conduct a discrete choice experiment and distribute a consumer survey among two independent representative samples of workers aged between 40 and 64. Results suggest that a fixed monthly income and a 10-year guarantee period are two significant product characteristics, while a bequest motive, being married, and an understanding of the annuity are consumer characteristics that are associated with the demand for annuities. Being presented the optimal hypothetical annuity product, approximately one-third of middle-aged workers choose to annuitize their retirement savings. The findings and methods of this study can be applied for designing annuity products in other contexts.     

Exact Estimation of Demand Functions under Block-Rate Pricing

This article proposes an exact estimation of demand functions under block-rate pricing by focusing on increasing block-rate pricing. This is the first study that explicitly considers the separability condition which has been ignored in previous literature. Under this pricing structure, the price changes when consumption exceeds a certain threshold and the consumer faces a utility maximization problem subject to a piecewise-linear budget constraint. Solving this maximization problem leads to a statistical model in which model parameters are strongly restricted by the separability condition. In this article, by taking a hierarchical Bayesian approach, we implement a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation to properly estimate the demand function. We find, however, that the convergence of the distribution of simulated samples to the posterior distribution is slow, requiring an additional scale transformation step for parameters to the Gibbs sampler. These proposed methods are then applied to estimate the Japanese residential water demand function.     

Does export concentration matter in economic adjustment programs? Evidence from the euro-area

The recent crisis in some euro area countries is intensively fueling the political and economic policy debate about the effectiveness of the applied adjustment programs. This paper aims to contribute to explaining why the results of these programs could be different across countries, flagging the crucial role of exports. In view of recent economic literature about substitution between domestic and foreign sales, helping exports when domestic demand is adjusting, this paper uses panel data techniques to assess the role of the export structure in explaining this substitution effect in the euro area countries. Building a novel indicator for product concentration, the results suggest that domestic demand developments are more relevant to explaining exports in countries with a lower product concentration index (that is, more diversified exports). This contributes to explain why euro area countries under stress registered different economic performance, in particular the clearly less favorable behavior of Greece, where exports structure is concentrated more strongly in some goods and services than in other euro area countries. With different export behavior the final evaluation of the Greek adjustment would be certainly different. These results suggest that export structure should be taken into consideration when designing or evaluating this type of adjustment programs.     

Dynamic Asymptotically Ideal Models and Finite Approximation

We extend Barnett and Jonas's asymptotically ideal model (AIM) to model for the possibility that the data were generated by a dynamic process. Prediction errors for dynamic and static AIM models are compared for various simulated datasets. Monetary data are also used to evaluate the AIM specifications. There is substantial evidence that an AR(1) correction considerably improves the quality of low-order finite approximations of AIM with the cost of estimating only one additional parameter. Furthermore, restricting a dynamic AIM to approximate only linear homogenous functions often results in severe misspecification.     

中国行政纠纷解决的制度选择——公民需求的视角

利用一个于2005年在中国28个省份进行的综合社会调查数据（CGSS2005）,对中国行政纠纷的分布以及中国公民如何有针对性地进行纠纷解决的制度选择进行定量经验研究。研究发现,针对行政纠纷,现阶段中国公民的法律意识并不淡漠。但现实的制约使得一些公民采取司法程序及准司法程序之外的渠道解决此类纠纷。公民对中国行政纠纷解决存在事实上的＂双轨＂制度需求,即,公民对通过（准）司法渠道和党政渠道解决纠纷有同等程度的需求。此外,不同社会群体对行政纠纷解决渠道的选择偏好也呈现多元性。基于经验研究,对当前的相关研究进行理论和方法论的反思,并呼吁理论研究和制度建设做到真正了解并尊重公民的意愿。     

城乡基本公共产品需求比较研究

目前我国已经进入公共产品需求快速扩张时期,人们对满足吃穿的温饱需求已开始转为对教育、医疗、卫生等基本公共产品的需求.为了更好统筹城乡公共产品供给,充分满足城乡居民的需求,有必要了解城乡居民对公共产品的需求状况,并对其进行比较,以居民需求导向为依据,建立和完善我国基本公共产品供给体系.     

需求时间不确定下的多供应商配套供货模型研究

本文在基于Supply Hub的运作模式下,研究了N个配套供应商对单个制造商的单周期准时供货模型。当制造商的需求时间不确定时,供应商需要依据预期成本最小化来确定各自最优的供货时间。通过找到各个供应商在信息封闭和信息共享这两种模式下的最优供货时间决策,并且对比不同模式下供应商成本和制造商服务水平,证明了配套供应商之间通过一定程度的信息共享能够有效降低成本和提高服务水平。最后提出一种基于Supply Hub主导的多供应商准时供货策略,从而实现了系统整体绩效的优化。