工作场所越轨行为结构分类研究

以探讨中国人工作场所越轨行为的内容与结构为主旨。首先,采取主位与客位研究相结合的范式,用开放式问卷对39名人力资源管理专业研究生课程进修班学员进行工作场所越轨行为项目征集,经语义分析后共获得45条工作场所越轨行为。接着,采取无固定锚点的分类方式让42名工商管理硕士班学员自由地将上述行为分成2～12类。然后,再采用多维量表分析剖析分类特征。研究结果发现:工作场所越轨行为分成4类,能较好地反映被试对该行为的认识。最后,以多维量表分析法获得的各行为四维度坐标为基准,采用层次聚类分析探寻各工作场所越轨行为的相互关系。研究结果表明:中国人将工作场所越轨行为分成生产型过失、违法行为、损公肥私与合作破坏行为4类。研究得出的结论有助于建构和发展中国特色的工作场所越轨行为理论体系。     

It's Not What You Do,But Who You Are: Informal Social Control,Social Status,and Normative Seriousness in Organizations

This paper analyzes the impact of managerial social status on the normative evaluation of managerial acts in organizational contexts. We test several propositions on the relationship between social status and normative evaluation derived from Donald Black's theoretical framework on social control. The research design consists of a factorial survey of 200 managers. Each respondent evaluated the seriousness of a normatively questionable managerial act. In each vignette, the perpetrator's social status was systematically manipulated in either a high or a low condition. The results generally support the argument that the higher a manager's social status the less vulnerable that individual is to unfavorable normative evaluations, holding constant the act. The paper closes with discussion of our findings in light of social structural and rational choice perspectives on informal social control in organizations. Additionally, we discuss methodological issues related to experimental research on informal social control in organizations, the consistency of our findings with those from previous studies of social control across diverse settings, potential theoretical applications and extensions of Black's framework in organizational contexts, and practical implications for the implementation of corporate codes of conduct and corporate dispute resolution systems.     

越轨:一种新的视阈——从社会差别的角度看越轨

对越轨行为的成因、本质以及如何有效的进行调控 ,历史上有生物学、心理学、社会学等多种理论的解释。但这些理论有一些共同的局限性 ,阻碍着对越轨问题的深刻认识。从社会差别制度化的角度来看 ,越轨行为是对社会差别制度化的反叛。制度创新则是解决越轨问题的有效途径和根本方法     

The penalized biclustering model and related algorithms

Biclustering is the simultaneous clustering of two related dimensions, for example, of individuals and features, or genes and experimental conditions. Very few statistical models for biclustering have been proposed in the literature. Instead, most of the research has focused on algorithms to find biclusters. The models underlying them have not received much attention. Hence, very little is known about the adequacy and limitations of the models and the efficiency of the algorithms. In this work, we shed light on associated statistical models behind the algorithms. This allows us to generalize most of the known popular biclustering techniques, and to justify, and many times improve on, the algorithms used to find the biclusters. It turns out that most of the known techniques have a hidden Bayesian flavor. Therefore, we adopt a Bayesian framework to model biclustering. We propose a measure of biclustering complexity (number of biclusters and overlapping) through a penalized plaid model, and present a suitable version of the deviance information criterion to choose the number of biclusters, a problem that has not been adequately addressed yet. Our ideas are motivated by the analysis of gene expression data.     

Cumulative logit models for matched pairs case-control design: Studies with covariates

Binary as well as polytomous logistic models have been found useful for estimating odds ratios when the exposure of prime interest assumes unordered multiple levels under matched pair case-control design. In our earlier studies, we have shown the use of a polytomous logistic model for estimating cumulative odds ratios when the exposure of prime interest assumes multiple ordered levels under matched pair case-control design. In this paper, using the above model, we estimate the covariate adjusted cumulative odds ratios, in the case of an ordinal multiple level exposure variable under a pairwise matched case-control retrospective design. An approach, based on asymptotic distributional results, is also described to investigate whether or not the response categories are distinguishable with respect to the cumulative odds ratios after adjusting the effect of covariates. An illustrative example is presented and discussed.     

Influence diagnostics in the Gamma regression model with adjusted deviance residuals

In this study, we develop the adjusted deviance residuals for the gamma regression model (GRM) by following Cordeiro's (2004) method. These adjusted deviance residuals under the GRM are used for influence diagnostics. A comparative analysis has been sorted out between our proposed method of the adjusted deviance residuals and an existing method for influence diagnostics. These results are illustrated by a simulation study and using a real data set. They are presented for different values of dispersion and sample sizes and indicate the significant role of the GRM inferences.     

Doing Time in Space: Line‐Joining Rules and Resultant Morphologies1

Waiting lines are spatial configurations of people that store information about time of arrival until it is recapitulated as order of service. Someone joining a line has an interest in assuming a position that will be seen as recognizably “in line,” particularly by those arriving later. When physical constraints are few—such as in 30th Street Station, Philadelphia, the site for this research—this is normally accomplished through conformity with the line’s recent trajectory. However, conflict between normally congruent line‐joining rules can occasion a sharp turn; an example is when a self‐identifying group joins the line, muddying the geometry and creating uncertainty as to what should happen next. Further, the normal rules for line formation can misfire, giving rise to mutant lines with multiple “tails” and an impaired capacity for encoding time into space. Alternatives to waiting lines are considered and judged less efficient and more likely to be judged unfair, particularly given the expectation that rewards will be proportional to investments.     

Norms and Survival in the Heat of War: Normative Versus Instrumental Rationalities and Survival Tactics in the Blockade of Leningrad1

When war challenges civilian survival, what shapes the balance between normative and instrumental rationalities in survival practices? Increasing desperation and uncertainty can lead civilians to focus on their own material interests and to violate norms in the name of survival or gain—to the detriment of the war effort and of other civilians. Do norms, boundaries against transgressions, and considerations of collective interests and identities persist, and, if so, through what mechanisms? Using diaries and recollections from the 872‐day Blockade of Leningrad (1941–1944)—an extreme case of wartime desperation—this article examines how three forms of cultural embeddedness shape variation in the strength of norms against calculative, instrumental rationality. Proximity and empathy with others, the structure of norms and analogies to legitimate instrumental practices, and reflexivity vis‐à‐vis war and others’ response interact dialectically with the war context to shape variation in violating norms and rationalizing transgressions. Theft of food and cannibalism, which involve tactics of survival or gain that also risk the well‐being of victims (theft) or violation of a powerful taboo (cannibalism), demonstrate the weakness of norms on the margins but their power when core norms or other real, visible individuals are threatened.     

樋口一叶小说《自焚》中的母女命运解读

《自焚》是樋口一叶生前最后完成的作品,该作品通过描写母女两代人不幸的婚姻,来说明在封建道德伦理及资本主义金钱关系下,女性仅仅是婚姻买卖中的商品,她们的不幸命运及生存困境具有普遍性和延续性。