Risk,trust and knowledge networks in farmers’ learning

This study reports on New Zealand dairy farmers’ access to and use of information as mediated through conditions of risk and trust within the context of their interpersonal social networks. We located participants’ reports of their information use within their perceived environments of trust and risk, following Giddens's [1990. The consequences of modernity. Polity Press, Stanford, CA] typology of trust and risk in pre-modernity and modernity. The research participants were constant users of interpersonal and print information from numerous sources, and monitored their incoming data in the light of strategic needs, reflecting their roles as both farming practitioners and business owners. Socio-spatial knowledge networks (SSKNs) combine individuals’ explanatory cognitive models of information acquisition and use with a micro-geographical analysis of their interpersonal networks. The participants showed characteristics of pre-modern, modern and even post-modern society in respect of their use of complex interactional forms, as well as a blending of individualistic and communitarian practices and concerns in their professional and personal lives.     

新形势下高校学生资助与培养教育探析

国家资助政策是家庭经济困难学生顺利完成学业的重要保障，是党和国家惠民政策的具体体现，是高校正常开展教育教学活动的基础，是和谐校园建设的重要组成部分：新形势下，高校在开展资助工作的过程中，不是简单的资金发放，而应该是把资助与大学生的培养教育有机结合起来，让学生在受到经济资助、分享党的温暖的同时，懂得如何才能成长为一名社会主义合格的建设者和可靠接班人。     

Employment and filial relations: Is there a conflict?

Since children, particularly daughters, are among the most important sources of help and support for older Americans, it has been suggested that women's increasing employment will affect filial relations. Empirical evidence on this issue is inconsistent, in part due to the use of nonprobability samples. Few studies have measured effects for men. We attempt to broaden the scope of this question beyond help to the frail elderly by asking whether employment affects filial relations in general. We examine effects of hours employed on telephone contact, visiting, feelings of closeness, filial attitudes, and assistance to biological parents, for an area probability sample of men and women over 40. There are no effects of employment for men or women on contact, closeness, or assistance. For the vast majority of this population sample, contact and assistance involve few hours per week, and thus do not seem to conflict with employment.     

我国研究型教师队伍建设的对策研究

建设研究型教师队伍在实施“科教兴国”战略方面具有基础性的重要作用。我国应当采取切实的措施，建设好数量充足的高素质科研师资队伍，为实施素质教育，培育创造型人才奠定师资基础。     

刑法罪名简繁利弊辩--以中、日刑事立法比较为例

近年来,在刑事司法中时常遇到这样的问题1997年才全面修订的、有400多个罪名的刑法典对一些犯罪案件却难以适用.通过对中、日两国刑事立法的比较分析,探讨了刑法罪名简略与繁缛的利弊得失.认为罪名的简繁各有利弊,但简略利大于弊;法的特性决定罪名的高度概括性;刑法的适用需要法官的判断和推理;关键是尽快改革司法体制,大力提高法官的整体素质.     

隐私与隐私权探析

隐私是一种客观事实,具有客观性、相对性、非关联性、非褒贬性四个特征。认定隐私的标准是是否与他人利益和公共利益相关,这是一个客观的标准并不包括权利主体“不愿公开”的主观因素。隐私权是一种支配权,它包括隐私隐瞒权、隐私利用权、隐私维护权和隐私支配权四项权能。坚持隐私认定的客观标准,隐私权与知情权之间并不存在实质性的冲突。     

利用光敏核不育性进行水稻轮回选择的程序探讨

本文对利用光敏核不育性进行水稻轮回选择进行了探讨。提出基本轮回选择方案和综合轮回选择方案。基本轮回选择方案是以一个光敏核不育材料为母本与多个亲本组配构成轮回选择的综合群体,而其后按常规轮回选择法进行育种的方案。综合轮回选择方案是以两个或两个以上的光敏核不育材料作为母体与多个亲本组配,在 F_2代群体中不同质源的优良植株相互交配构成综合群体,其后按基本方案进行的轮回选择。     

隐含合约和专用资产投资:日本分包制研究

日本制造业中,制造商往往和其零部件供应商形成长期连续交易关系,彼此之间紧密协作,形成系列化的企业集团。在这种企业集团内部,零部件供应商有更大的激励进行专用资产的投资,进而降低生产成本,提高产品质量。甚至在适当的条件下,供应商直接参与零部件产品的设计。这种日本式的分包制采用一种隐含的承包合约形成长期连续交易关系,使企业之间能更好的合作,极大的提高了日本企业集团的竞争力。本文建立一个简单的模型,引入一种简单隐含合约的形式,即发包商给予承包商部分议价权利,在此基础上分析承包商专用资产投资行为,并对上述现象进行解释。     

Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in developing countries

Many thousands of people in developing country cities depend on recycling materials from waste for their livelihoods. With the focus of the Millennium Development Goals on poverty reduction, and of waste strategies on improving recycling rates, one of the major challenges in solid waste management in developing countries is how best to work with this informal sector to improve their livelihoods, working conditions and efficiency in recycling.The general characteristics of informal recycling are reviewed, highlighting both positive and negative aspects. Despite the health and social problems associated with informal recycling, it provides significant economic benefits that need to be retained. Experience shows that it can be highly counterproductive to establish new formal waste recycling systems without taking into account informal systems that already exist. The preferred option is to integrate the informal sector into waste management planning, building on their practices and experience, while working to improve efficiency and the living and working conditions of those involved. Issues associated with integrating informal recycling into the formal waste management sector are discussed.     

交际策略的教学与运用

语言交际教学法的目的是提高学习者的交际能力。然而 ,作为交际能力的一个重要组成部分———策略能力 ,却被教师们忽略。交际策略的可教性依然是个有争议的问题。本文首先陈述交际策略的重要性 ,以便唤起教师的注意力 ;其次 ,分析影响学习者交际策略使用的因素 ;第三部分提出了交际策略的教学方法