The Cultural Orientations of Entrepreneurs and Employees’ Job Satisfaction: The Turkish Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Case

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether cultural orientations which were pervasive and salient in the society of SMEs’ entrepreneurs predict employees’ job satisfaction. Paternalism, collectivism, individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance were assessed as pervasive and salient attributes for Turkish society. Data were gathered from 217 male SMEs entrepreneurs and 1140 employees. The cultural orientations scales together with some questions related to the firms and demographics, and job diagnostic index (JDI) with demographical questions were applied to entrepreneurs and employees, respectively. The findings of this study revealed that paternalism, collectivism and power distance predicted employee job satisfaction significantly. It was argued that the congruency between entrepreneurs’ cultural orientations and employees’ cultural background and expectations, which was shaped by the organizational socialization process, might lead these results.     

弹性退休制度与养老保险保障制度整合初论

弹性退休政策是退休养老保险保障制度的重要组成部分,是退休制度与养老保险保障制度整合的重要制度链。实施弹性退休政策有其内在的经济学与社会学理论依据,弹性退休制度对养老保险保障制度产生根本性影响,完善弹性退休政策的激励机制是实施弹性退休政策的基本前提。     

Flexible Capacity Investments and Product Mix: Optimal Decisions and Value of Postponement Options

In this article, we study a firm's interdependent decisions in investing in flexible capacity, capacity allocation to individual products, and eventual production quantities and pricing in meeting uncertain demand. We propose a three‐stage sequential decision model to analyze the firm's decisions, with the firm being a value maximizer owned by risk‐averse investors. At the beginning of the time horizon, the firm sets the flexible capacity level using an aggregate demand forecast on the envelope of products its flexible resources can accommodate. The aggregate demand forecast evolves as a Geometric Brownian Motion process. The potential market share of each product is determined by the Multinomial Logit model. At a later time and before the end of the time horizon, the firm makes a capacity commitment decision on the allocation of the flexible capacity to each product. Finally, at the end of the time horizon, the firm observes the demand and makes the production quantity and pricing decisions for end products. We obtain the optimal solutions at each decision stage and investigate their optimal properties. Our numerical study investigates the value of the postponed capacity commitment option in supplying uncertain operation environments.     

Inventory Commitment and Prioritized Backlogging Clearance with Alternative Delivery Lead Times

We propose a model where customers are classified into two groups: short lead‐time customers who require the product immediately and long lead‐time customers to whom the supplier may deliver either immediately or in the next cycle. Unmet orders are backlogged with associated costs. Specifically, the supplier faces two problems: how the on‐hand inventories should be allocated between the two classes of customers and how the backlogged orders should be cleared when replenishments arrive. We treat the former as an inventory commitment problem and handle the latter with priority rules. We characterize and compare the inventory commitment policies with three priority rules in clearing backlogs. We also explore the optimal inventory replenishment decision and evaluate the performance of each priority rule.     

当前高校毕业生就业形势初探

随着高校毕业生就业体制的改革及 1999年以来的首批扩招生开始大量涌入社会 ,就业的压力已重重地落在每一个毕业生和从事毕业生教育与管理工作者的身上 ,因而认清当前的就业形势 ,克服择业过程中的一些认识误区。正确地把握就业和择业中的动态和趋势就显得意义重大 ,这同时也是当前对毕业生们进行就业指导的主要内容之一     

On the existence of fair matching algorithms

We analyze the Gale-Shapley matching problem within the context of Rawlsian justice. Defining a fair matching algorithm by a set of 4 axioms (Gender Indifference, Peer Indifference, Maximin Optimality, and Stability), we show that not all preference profiles admit a fair matching algorithm, the reason being that even this set of minimal axioms is too strong in a sense. Because of conflict between Stability and Maximin Optimality, even the algorithm which generates the mutual agreement match, paradoxically, has no chance to be fair.We then relax the definition of fairness (by giving preference to Stability over Maximin Optimality) and again find that some preference profiles admit a fair matching algorithm, while others still do not, but the mutual agreement algorithm now is fair under this definition.The paper then develops a test, which determines, for a given preference profile, whether a fair algorithm exists or not.     

从P.2942文书看河西陷蕃前后变通运用律令的问题

P.2942文书是河西节度使在河西陷蕃过程中处理公务的判集。本文从对诈假官、受假官的处罚,对擅破官物、祭社广为破用的处置以及赎刑的普遍使用等四个方面来探讨河西统治者在艰难时期变通运用律令的问题。由此可见《唐律》作为有唐一代最重要的法律,其执行并非从一而终、一成不变的,而是深受时局影响的。     

从狞厉神秘到屈曲宛转——委蛇的齐文化特征及文学内涵

委蛇本指蛇精 ,是泽神、雷神 ,与齐文化的关联尤为密切。先民对委蛇恐惧而又崇拜的心理 ,在蛇的甲骨文字形结构、语词意义和神话传说三个方面都有体现。随着时间的推移 ,古代先民对蛇的关注焦点有所转移 ,蛇的屈曲形态受到高度重视 ,蛇字的构形变化提供了这方面的信息 ;与此相应 ,委蛇成为表现动态屈曲之美的重要审美范畴。《诗经》用于表现合乎规矩方圆的威仪 ,《庄子》用于展示与物宛转推移的处世哲学、生存状态。到了后来 ,委蛇作为重要的审美范畴 ,应用范围进一步扩大 ,并抽象为美的代称。     

Impact of demographic variables on women’s economic empowerment: An ordered probit model

The present study aimed to empirically examine the demographic variables that determine women’s economic empowerment. A sample of 500 married women between 21 and 49 years old (M_age = 35.49, SD = 7.66) was conveniently selected from district Multan (Pakistan). Control over economic resources was used as a proxy for women’s economic empowerment. Ordered probit regression was run to assess the demographic determinants (i.e., age, education, paid job, income, and property) of economic empowerment of the least empowered, moderately empowered, and highly empowered women. Paid job, age, income, and property appeared as positive and significant predictors of women’s economic empowerment. Implications of the study were also discussed.     

Symmetrically distributed and unbiased estimators in linear models

Let Y be distributed symmetrically about Xβ. Natural generalizations of odd location statistics, say T‘Y’, and even location-free statistics, say W‘Y’, that were used by Hogg ‘1960, 1967)’ are introduced. We show that T‘Y’ is distributed symmetrically about β and thus E[T‘Y’] = β and that each element of T‘Y’ is uncorrelated with each element of W‘Y’. Applications of this result are made to R-estiraators and the result is extended to a multivariate linear model situation.