Do Life-Saving Regulations Save Lives?

Life-saving regulations may be counter-productive since they have an indirect mortality effect through the reduction in disposable income. This paper estimates the effect of income on mortality, controlling for the initial health status and a host of personal characteristics. The analysis is based on a random sample of the adult Swedish population of over 40,000 individuals followed up for 10–17 years. The income loss that will induce an expected fatality is estimated to be $6.8 million when the costs are borne equally among all adults, $8.4 million when the costs are borne proportionally to income and $9.8 million when the costs are borne progressively to income.     

基于VaR控制预留缺口的资产负债管理优化模型

以利率变化后的VaR风险限额约束条件,以资产组合的利息收入最大为目标函数,建立资产负债组合优化模型。本文的创新与特色一是通过预设持续期缺口使银行的资产组合在利率变动的有利条件下增加银行净值。这弥补了现有的零缺口免疫条件的资产组合不能使银行股东权益在利率变化中增加的缺陷。二是利用VaR技术建立约束条件控制预设的持续期缺口。在利率变动的不利条件下,通过在一定置信水平下的最大损失限额控制资本损失,把银行可能面临的利率风险限定在银行的净利息收入范围内。这种优化配给控制了资本损失,保护了股东权益,开辟了资产优化配置研究的新思路。三是利用银行间市场7天回购利率(R07D)的历史数据,估计了未来的市场利率波动量的概率分布,解决了由于影响因素多而难以刻画市场利率变动情况的问题。     

The Association between head Start Enrollment and Children's Mental Health Scores

This study examined the association of the children's entry age and enrollment duration of Head Start on children's mental health, using secondary data analysis. Children were of three groups: one group of children entered Head Start at age 3 and maintained enrollment for 1 year (Group 1), the second group of children entered Head Start at age 4 and stayed for 1 year (Group 2) and the third group of children entered at age 3 and stayed in Head Start for 2 years (Group 3). Research questions are (1) Do child and family characteristics have any association with mental health scores? (2) Do children's mental health scores differ among the three groups? Compared with children who entered at age 4 and stayed for 1 year, children who entered Head Start at age 3 and stayed in Head Start both for 1 year and for 2 years had higher mental health scores. Controlling for other factors, boys and children with special needs had higher mental health scores. Black and dual bilingual children had lower mental health scores.     

Heuristic approach to some laws for Brownian motion

Csàki and Vincze have shown that for an elementary tied-down random walk, the pair (maximum, instant of maximum) has the same law as (time spent in (0, 1/2), time spent above 1/2). Formal passage to the limit indicates that the former pair has for a Brownian bridge the same law as (local time at 0, duration of positivity). A quadrivariate density of Karatzas and Shreve and an equivalence for Brownian motion with drift follow.     

伍慧明《骨》的叙事时间艺术特色

《骨》是继汤亭亭、谭恩美之后在国内外备受关注的著名华裔作家伍慧明的代表作品。作者通过娴熟使用倒错和非等时的叙事技巧完成了叙述时间的转换,在过去与现在的并置中反思中国传统文化的记忆带给华裔族群的创伤和启迪,而记忆的普遍性使得华裔文学超越了其自身族裔的限制,华裔文学因此得以在更大的范围内引起读者的共鸣。     

柏格森生命哲学美学的历史归宿

柏格森的学说可以归纳为三个基本方面:1、知:“绵延—直觉—同情”是其哲学体系的核心;2、意:自由是对绵延的直觉,指“自由意志”而非“道德自由”;3、情:美是对绵延的同情,美在同情。他的思想最终归宿是宣扬“自由”、“平等”与“博爱”,并且赋予这三个名词以全新的涵义。     

论人大代表候选人资格

人大代表候选人资格是指在人大代表换届选举中,一位公民被确定成为一名正式代表候选人所需要具备的基本条件,其内在价值为保障公民参与行使国家权力的权利空间,促进国家权力机关职能的有效发挥。对我国人大代表候选人资格的完善,有赖于对候选人的居住期限、教育程度和个人信用等要素进行研究,以期实现人大代表基本素质与履职能力的提升。这有利于我国各级人民代表大会职能的切实履行和人民代表大会制度优越性的充分发挥,有利于我国依法治国和国家治理现代化的全面深入推进。     

Semiparametric estimation of employment duration models

There are a variety of economic areas, such as studies of employment duration and of the durability of capital goods, in which data on important variables typically are censored. The standard techinques for estimating a model from censored data require the distributions of unobservable random components of the model to be specified a priori up to a finite set of parameters, and misspecification of these distributions usually leads to inconsistent parameter estimates. However, economic theory rarely gives guidance about distributions and the standard estimation techniques do not provide convenient methods for identifying distributions from censored data. Recently, several distribution-free or semiparametric methods for estimating censored regression models have been developed. This paper presents the results of using two such methods to estimate a model of employment duration. The paper reports the operating characteristics of the semiparametric estimators and compares the semiparametric estimates with those obtained from a standard parametric model.     

Labour Market Participation of French Women over the Life Cycle, 1935–1990

Employment histories with multiple spells and time varyingcovariates help identify determinants of labour markettransitions of women in France between 1935 and 1990. Higher educatedwomen were more likely to become inactive, but returned to work also moreeasily, especially when they added work experience. Being married,whether mother or not, induced a rearrangement of time betweenstaying at home and labour, in rendering exit from employment morelikely and return from inactivity to employment less likely. Exits from employment were lessfrequent for mothers of larger families, while return toemployment decreased with the total number of children, in spite of thegrowing financial needs of larger families. Transitions betweenemployment and inactivity increased with favourable economicconditions. However, involuntary exits from employment were moreprobable during economic downturns.