Sleep Quality and Body Mass Index in College Students: The Role of Sleep Disturbances

Abstract

Objective: Obesity and its comorbidities have emerged as a leading public health concern. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sleep patterns, including duration and disturbances. Methods: A convenience sample of 515 college students completed an online survey consisting of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and self-reported height and weight to calculate BMI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using components of the PSQI as predictors of overweight (BMI ≥ 25). Results: One-third of the participants had BMI ≥ 25, and 51% were poor-quality sleepers (PSQI > 5). Controlling for age and sex, only sleep disturbances were associated with overweight (odds ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [1.08, 2.57]). Conclusions: Sleep disturbances, rather than sleep duration, predicted overweight among young adults; this is consistent with the most recent evidence in the literature. These findings support expanding the scope of wellness programs to promote healthy sleep among students.     

Family characteristics as predictors of intensity in family services

This article investigates factors influencing the number of hours families are involved with family services and uses these factors to develop a predictive model. This research began with focus groups involving family service workers who identified three key domains influencing service intensity: worker/family relationship, family motivation, and family characteristics. The family characteristics domain is the focus of this article. Influencing factors within this domain are examined through analysis of database information from 258 families who had previously accessed family services through a community services organization. Key predictors identified include the gender of main consumer, family size, and presence of issues such as family violence and physical illness. These findings are used to develop a model to predict intervention intensity for families accessing family services. The ability to estimate service intensity provides data to effectively develop innovative programs and enable better balancing of staff workloads and resources. Additionally, the capability to predict intensity helps allocate families to appropriate workers and programs.     

关于检察机关自侦案件拘留期限起始时间的思考

对人民检察院直接受理的自侦案件中拘留时限的起算问题的争议,主要有三种观点即＂当日说＂＂次日说＂＂当时说＂。本文分析发现：＂次日说＂观点既符合司法实践也符合法律规定,即检察机关自侦案件拘留期限的起算问题,应严格按照期间的规定,从犯罪嫌疑人被刑事拘留的次日开始起算。     

高校毕业生求职时间与就业结果关系的实证研究——基于北京地区12所高校的调研数据

根据北京地区12所高校毕业生的实证调研数据,从时间的视角分析大学生求职时间与就业状况和就业质量的关系、不同层级高校毕业生的求职时间分布特征,研究发现:(1)大学生积极求职行为开始越早,越有可能获得满意就业;(2)高校层级越高,积极求职时间越提前,越强化了此群体的就业优势。     

An Empirical Approach for Deriving Information on Total Duration of Exposure from Information on Historical Exposure

Exposure duration is an important component in determining long-term dose rates associated with exposure to environmental contaminants. Surveys of exposed populations collect information on individuals' past behaviors, including the durations of a behavior up to the time of the survey. This paper presents an empirical approach for determining the distribution of total durations that is consistent with the distribution past durations obtained from surveys. This approach is appropriate where the rates of beginning and ending a behavior are relatively constant over time. The approach allows the incorporation of information on the distribution of age in a population into the determination of the distribution of durations. The paper also explores the impact of "longevity" bias on survey data. A case study of the application of this approach to two angler populations is also provided. The results of the case study have characteristics similar to the results reported by Israeli and Nelson ( Risk Anal. 12, 65-72 (1992)) from their analytical model of residential duration. Specifically, the average period of time for the total duration in the entire population is shorter than the average period of time reported for historical duration in the surveyed individuals.     

基于企业债券风险因素分析的持续期计算方法

用主成分分析法对影响中国企业债券收益率的风险因素进行研究,分析出影响收益率变动的主要因素及每个因素对债券收益率的影响程度。根据影响债券收益的多个风险因素,提出基于债券风险因素分析的持续期计算方法,并通过仿真计算验证了在收益率波动的情况下用该持续期计算方法规避风险的可行性。     

The effects of vocational training programmes on the duration of unemployment in Eastern Germany

Summary Vocational training programmes have been the most important active labour market policy instrument in Germany in the last years. However, the still unsatisfying situation of the labour market has raised doubt on the efficiency of these programmes. In this paper, we analyse the effects of the participation in vocational training programmes on the duration of unemployment in Eastern Germany. Based on administrative data for the time between the October 1999 and December 2002 of the Federal Employment Administration¹, we apply a bivariate mixed proportional hazards model. By doing so, we are able to use the information of the timing of treatment as well as observable and unobservable influences to identify the treatment effects. The results show that a participation in vocational training prolongates the unemployment duration in Eastern Germany. Furthermore, the results suggest that locking-in effects are a serious problem of vocational training programmes. The authors thank Heinz Galler and an anonymous referee for valuable comments. The paper has also benefited from fruitful discussion at the annual meeting of the German Statistical Society in 2004, Frankfurt, and in IZA seminar, Bonn. All remaining errors are on our own. Financial support of the IAB, Nuremberg, is gratefully acknowledged.     

Unemployment duration and the length of entitlement periods for unemployment benefits: do the IAB employment subsample and the German Socio-Economic Panel yield the same results?*

Summary: We compare information on the length of unemployment spells contained in the IAB employment subsample (IABS) and in the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Due to the lack of information on registered unemployment in the IABS, we use two proxies of unemployment in the IABS as introduced by Fitzenberger/Wilke (2004). The first proxy comprises all periods of nonemployment after an employment spell which contain at least one period with unemployment compensation transfers. The second proxy includes all episodes between two employment spells during which an individual continuously received unemployment benefits. Estimation of standard duration models indicates that conclusions drawn from the IABS and the GSOEP differ in many cases. While the GSOEP suggests that the hazard rate has a maximum at about 12 months of unemployment, the IABS results suggest that this maximum is at about 20 months. Contrary to our GSOEP results and contrary to many results based on the GSOEP found in the literature, we find a statistically significant association between longer maximum entitlement periods of unemployment benefits (‘Arbeitslosengeld’) and longer unemployment durations for men in the IABS. The results for women do not show such clear patterns. The large sample size of the IABS also allows to trace out statistically significant effects of characteristics such as regional and industry indicators, which is generally not possible in the relatively small GSOEP. * Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the editors of this special issue, Joachim M?ller and Bernd Fitzenberger, two anonymous referees, the participants of the ‘Statistische Woche 2004’ in Frankfurt (in particular Reinhard Hujer, Olaf Hübler and Gerd Ronning), seminar participants at the ZEW Mannheim (especially Fran?ois Laisney and Alexander Spermann) and Jennifer Hunt for their many helpful comments and suggestions. All remaining errors are our own. Financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the research project ‘Microeconometric modelling of unemployment durations under consideration of the macroeconomic situation’ is gratefully acknowledged. The data used in this paper were made available by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) at the Federal Labour Office of Germany, Nürnberg, and the German Socio Economic Panel Study (GSOEP) at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin.     

新日本地方自治制度之下的国家干预诉讼研究

本文对日本地方自治法的熟读、研讨、分析和总结的基础上，从行政法基本理论的要求与高度，论述日本现行最新的国家干预诉讼制度的理论和实践。文章通过对日本国家干预诉讼制度的思考，以期对我国行政法相关制度的建立有所帮助。     

保证期间若干问题探析

本文以保证期间的分类为依据,论述了保证期间始期和终期的确定,重点探讨了连带保证责任与一般保证责任的保证期间与诉讼时效的关系,以及连带保证责任与一般保证责任的保证期间起算问题,并就司法实践中如何认定一般保证责任的保证期间起算问题及如何保护一般保证责任中债权人的合法权益提供了参考性建议。