嘉庆六年京畿特大水灾生态原因及历史教训探析

嘉庆六年（1801）永定河决口，酿成五百年一遇的特大洪水。京畿直隶一带一百三十余个州县中，受灾地区达九十多个，堤防崩坍，房屋被毁，灾民流离失所，农作物减产绝收，给国家建设和人民生活带来重大损伤。此次灾害的原因既有17世纪全球整体气候变化所导致的极端天气，也有永定河特殊的地理情况，更有长期不当垦荒和滥砍滥伐所导致的严重的水土流失等原因。反思此次特大水灾的生态原因及历史教训，对于历史上整体大气候特别是极端气候的归纳分析，以及对今天的森林资源保护与正确开发等问题都具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Disability and going green: a comparison of the environmental values and behaviours of persons with and without disability

Some studies have suggested that socially excluded groups exhibit different environmental values and behaviours from mainstream society. To consider this in the context of disability, a survey was implemented to investigate environmental values and ecological behaviour. A high percentage of participants considered themselves to have a disability, long‐standing illness or infirmity. Over half of the sample had restricted physical mobility. The study used the revised New Ecological Paradigm Scale, a widely used measure of pro‐environmental orientation, and the General Ecological Behaviour scale to assess ecological behaviours. No significant differences were found between respondents with/without disability for either their general environmental attitudes or their general ecological behaviour. However, a positive correlation was found between level of physical mobility and general ecological behaviour. The results also show significant differences in the ecological behaviours of those respondents living dependently and those living independently; respondents living in care scored lower on the ecological behaviour scale.     

Social Activity,School-related Activity,and Anti–substance Use: Media Messages on Adolescent Tobacco and Alcohol Use

In this article, we present the effects of three hypothesized protective factors—social activities, school-related activities, and anti–substance use media messages—on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. Data were drawn from the “Monitoring the Future” research project, which was conducted by the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. The sample included 2,551 twelfth-grade students. The results of the structural equation model showed that exposure to media anti-drug messages had an indirect negative effect on tobacco and alcohol use through school-related activity and social activity. The results suggest that comprehensive ecological interventions encompassing media, family, and school can increase the preventive effects of adolescent's substance use.     

The Social Ecology of Child Development in the Mexican American Population

Abstract

This article explores the influence of contextual factors on the developmental outcomes of Mexican American children. The contextual structure of child development is conceptualized as a complex system of environments, including the socio-demographic, social service, academic, and parental home environments. Based on an extensive review of the current theoretical and empirical literature, we find that the disadvantaged social position of Mexican American children has detrimental implications for all other aspects of their environment, thus hindering their development. In addition, although Mexican American parents are highly competent in providing a nurturing and culturally-rich environment, there is a often a discontinuity between the home environment and both the academic and the social service environments.     

观念竞合与国际体系的变迁

观念在国际关系中的作用及重要性已是不言而喻。在过去的四百多年里，国家主义和保守主义分别主导、塑造了威斯特伐利亚体系及维也纳体系，而威尔逊式的理想主义虽然塑造了凡尔赛—华盛顿体系，但主导该时期的却是激进主义。直到雅尔塔体系时期，民族主义才终于打败了帝国主义，自由主义则成功战胜了极权主义。因此，国际体系确立的背后是观念分配竞合的结果，是主流观念取向在竞合中占据主导地位的过程。观念作为深层次因素，始终是影响、塑造国际体系的更新与变迁的不可或缺的力量。     

Examination of the relationships between dietary restraint,alcohol, and adverse problems among women

Objective: Women who report greater chronic dieting consume more alcohol, drink more frequently, and experience greater problems than women who report less chronic dieting. Alcohol may also temporarily disrupt a woman's dietary rules, leading to increased caloric intake and subsequent restriction. This study examined whether alcohol use mediated the relationship between dietary restraint and alcohol problems in a woman's daily life. Participants: Women (N = 59) completed the study by the fall of 2013. Methods: Participants completed up to six assessments for 10 days, including intended dietary restraint, alcohol use, and problems. Results: Drinking quantity partially mediated the relationship between dietary restraint and alcohol problems. For each drink consumed, there was a 1.4 times greater likelihood of eating after drinking, which was associated with greater intention to subsequently restrict calories. Conclusions: The types of drinks consumed and reasons for restricting one's caloric intake may inform the relationship between these behaviors.     

生态化理念下对物权法的考量

生态危机的爆发和加剧对人类社会的冲击极其深远。作为一种专门用于解决因自然资源有限性与人类需求无限性之间的矛盾而引发的人与人之间紧张关系的法律制度,物权法理当做出应用的回应。本文基于环境资源的稀缺性与价值多元性认知,重拾私法特别是物权法的调整手段,探讨在生态化理念和可持续发展思想指引下物权法的重新定位问题,重点涉及对物权法律关系中主体、客体、内容相应变革开展的初步考察,并最终落脚到中国《物权法》"生态化"的制度建构与实际运行之关怀。     

哲学视域中的人类中心主义

人类中心主义既不是人类专制主义,也不是人类沙文主义,全球生态危机是"生态帝国主义"以及社会经济制度和管理体制的缺失所使然。不是人类中心主义造成了全球生态危机,而是全球生态危机造成了人类中心主义的灾难。所以,人类中心主义应该成为批判的主体,而不是批判的客体。     

不学诗 无以言——《诗经》在春秋外交中的作用

“不学诗 ,无以言”是孔子对《诗经》实用价值的概括 ,也是对春秋时期四百年赋诗言志的总结。《诗经》在春秋外交中的作用主要有 :一、诗言志能够有效地参与、推动外交活动 ,具有很强的感染力和说服力。二、以《诗经》为外交语言充分表现个人乃至国家的文化修养 ,并且可以含蓄地展示国家的实力 ,包括国内君臣、君主之间的关系。可以说 ,赋诗言志不仅属于那个时代 ,而且在整个文化史上有重大的影响     

《五号屠场》思想研究

在美国６０年代的文学甚至文化中都享有重要的地位的冯尼格的《五号屠场》的主题是战争．冯尼格以对战争的残酷、荒谬与丑恶的展示，表达了他强烈的反战倾向与一个和平主义者的立场。小说嘲讽了美国的现实与蛊惑人心的“美国梦”。冯尼格也心境复杂地嘲弄了自己。他并且以对战争、现实以及非现实情节的描述从形而上的意义上揭示了人类的荒诞处境。小说也显示了作者的悲观情绪与面对现实的屈从态度，有浓郁的悲观主义色彩。但他的悲观主义与抗议是融为一体的。在对其悲观主义提出批评的同时，应充分注意到其抗议中的积极含义。