Inappropriate Comparisons: The LGB Population's Missing Reference Group

ABSTRACT

Given that many professional organizations emphasize the need for comparing assessment results to appropriate reference groups in their codes of ethics, we consider this practice through an ecological perspective as it applies to the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) population. The purpose of norming and types of assessment bias is discussed with respect to LGB population, which frequently lack specific norming data. The authors discuss whether the LGB population has characteristics similar to other commonly normed for groups and explore how group-shared constructs such as minority stress and internalized homophobia may introduce bias and affect the validity of assessments. A social anxiety assessment as well as a personality disorder inventory are examined for bias as case examples explaining how these assessments may exhibit bias when used with the LGB population. Increases in validity and effects on treatment planning are discussed as benefits of providing LGB-specific norms. Risks of providing these norms, such as minimizing subgroup differences and possibly increasing the risk of discrimination are also addressed before providing clinicians with recommendations as to how they may minimize the risk of bias in their assessment process.     

江苏省宿迁市耕地生态足迹初探

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中西法律思想中法律与道德关系比较研究——兼论中国程序正义的理性选择

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The arrival of critical citizens: decline of political trust and shifting public priorities in China

Political trust has been in decline in China. In this article, we capture this decline as reflecting the modernization of Chinese political culture. While the government managed to deliver a sustained period of rapid economic growth, the public's trust in it is diminishing through two mechanisms. On the one hand, Chinese citizens are acquiring stronger liberal democratic values, which make citizens more critical toward government institutions. On the other hand, changing political culture is also shown in the citizens’ shifting of their priorities toward the expansion of freedom and empowerment of citizens. Decades of socioeconomic modernization, therefore, meant that the era of critical citizens has arrived in China.     

安民公所与北京近代环卫事业的起步

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从阶级革命论到技术决定论——浅析高兹对马克思资本主义分析方法的改进

高兹的生态学马克思主义的哲学思想深受马克思理论的影响,继承了马克思对资本主义的经济分析和阶级分析的方法,丰富和发展了马克思关于资本主义危机的理论、异化理论和对社会主义的设想,对马克思的技术中性论和无产阶级革命理论亦有不同的理解.     

试论生态美学中的生态中心主义原则

生态美学在美学的发展过程中最重要的突破就在于从“人类中心主义”过渡到“生态中心主义”。学术界对于这种“生态中心主义”的看法分歧甚大,有人批判其为“反人类”。这其实是一种误解,因为“生态中心主义”中的“生态平等”是人与万物在“生命环链”之中的相对平等,而不是绝对平等。因此,它实质上是对于人的生存权利的充分尊重与保护,是一种更具普适性的人道主义,所以,它不是“反人类”的。生态中心主义原则对于以海德格尔为代表的当代存在论美学突破“人类中心主义”走向“生态中心主义”起了决定性的作用。这就是海德格尔的“天地神人四方游戏说”美学观的提出。     

发达国家农民现代化模式的借鉴

美国、法国、日本、韩国等国家农民现代化形成了各具特色的发展模式。借鉴发达国家的先进经验,为我所用,成为促进农民从传统到现代转变,实现中国现代化的有效路径。     

海南岛中部地区生态建设的现状、问题与对策

本文结合海南岛中部地区的生态现状,分析其生态建设所面临的主要问题,提出发展生态特色农业与森林生态旅游业、实施生态移民政策、加强自然保护区建设等对策建议。