武陵山区农村金融生态环境建设问题研究

武陵山区农村在金融生态经济环境、政策环境、法律环境、信用环境和社会中介环境等方面都存在着不同程度的缺陷,开展金融生态环境建设又面临经济环境难以得到根本改善、政府的主导地位作用难以得到真正发挥、相关部门单位难以形成有效合力等难点问题。因此,搞好武陵山区农村的金融生态环境建设工作,应着重从三个方面入手:一是提升农村经济运行质量,增强农村经济的发展力,实现农村经济的可持续发展;二是贯彻落实科学发展观,强化政府的执行力,充分发挥政府在金融生态环境建设中的主导作用;三是明确部门单位职责,建立相应的责任制度,广泛调动社会力量有针对性地开展金融生态环境建设工作。     

中国经济转型期城镇少数民族教育收益率的实证研究

文章分别使用了OLS方法和分位回归技术,考察了1995—2007年间中国城镇少数民族教育收益率的总体水平及其长期变化趋势,并将之与汉族进行了比较,发现在经济转型期,中国城镇居民教育收益率总体上呈逐年上升趋势,少数民族与汉族之间的教育收益率没有显著差异。政策的力量与市场的力量有机结合、相互叠加,是转型时期中国城镇少数民族的地位并没有发生逆转的重要原因。与汉族相同,少数民族的教育收益率随着收入分位点提高而逐渐减小,即收入水平越高,教育收益率越低。     

试论石柱县人口的发展变化

本文叙述了建国后石柱县各阶段人口发展的情形以及目前石柱县的人口生育模式等人口状况。研究分析表明,影响石柱县人口发展变化的主要因素是经济和政策因素;在不同时期,这两种因素所起的作用是不同的;而在现今的石柱县,政策因素对人口发展的影响占据着主导地位。     

Development of an Asset Value Map for Disaster Risk Assessment in China by Spatial Disaggregation Using Ancillary Remote Sensing Data

The extent of economic losses due to a natural hazard and disaster depends largely on the spatial distribution of asset values in relation to the hazard intensity distribution within the affected area. Given that statistical data on asset value are collected by administrative units in China, generating spatially explicit asset exposure maps remains a key challenge for rapid postdisaster economic loss assessment. The goal of this study is to introduce a top‐down (or downscaling) approach to disaggregate administrative‐unit level asset value to grid‐cell level. To do so, finding the highly correlated “surrogate” indicators is the key. A combination of three data sets—nighttime light grid, LandScan population grid, and road density grid, is used as ancillary asset density distribution information for spatializing the asset value. As a result, a high spatial resolution asset value map of China for 2015 is generated. The spatial data set contains aggregated economic value at risk at 30 arc‐second spatial resolution. Accuracy of the spatial disaggregation reflects redistribution errors introduced by the disaggregation process as well as errors from the original ancillary data sets. The overall accuracy of the results proves to be promising. The example of using the developed disaggregated asset value map in exposure assessment of watersheds demonstrates that the data set offers immense analytical flexibility for overlay analysis according to the hazard extent. This product will help current efforts to analyze spatial characteristics of exposure and to uncover the contributions of both physical and social drivers of natural hazard and disaster across space and time.     

Educational Assortative Mating and Income Dynamics in Couples: A Longitudinal Dyadic Perspective

The question of how educational assortative mating may transform couples' lives and within‐family gender inequality has gained increasing attention. Using 25 waves (1979–2012) of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and longitudinal multilevel dyad models, this study investigated how educational assortative mating shapes income dynamics in couples during the marital life course. Couples were grouped into three categories—educational hypergamy (wives less educated than their husbands), homogamy, and hypogamy (wives more educated than their husbands). Results show that change in husbands' income with marital duration is similar across couples, whereas change in wives' income varies by educational assortative mating, with wives in educational hypogamy exhibiting more positive change in income during the marital life course. The finding that husbands' long‐term economic advancement is less affected than that of wives by educational assortative mating underscores the gender‐asymmetric nature of spousal influence in heterosexual marriages.     

The Transnational Tilt of the Treadmill and the Role of Trade Openness on Carbon Emissions: A Comparative International Study, 1965–2010

There are various schools of thought regarding the relationship between the environment and economy. Ecological modernization argues that the harmful effects of economic growth and development on the environment decline through time, whereas the treadmill of production and ecologically unequal exchange postulate different perspectives. This study relies on World Bank and World Resources Institute data for the period of 1965–2010. Time‐series cross‐sectional Prais‐Winsten (PW) regression models with panel‐corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed to examine whether economic growth and trade openness intensified or decoupled in relation to three measures of carbon dioxide (CO₂₎ emissions during this period. The findings of this study indicate that there has been a “tilt” in the treadmill of production—that is, the most environmentally degrading production processes have moved to less developed countries. Furthermore, integration into the world economy has been associated with an intensification in CO₂ emissions for less developed countries. Surprisingly, however, this phenomenon does not seem to be driven by exports sent to high‐income nations, suggesting that there are mechanisms embodied within the global organization of production that require further exploration.     

资本利润率趋向下降规律的启示

劳动社会生产力的发展致使在资本主义商品经济中有资本利润率趋向下降的规律,文中基于相同的原因又得出了在商品经济社会中也存在着工人生活必需品扩大的规律,并通过对于主要资本主义国家经济史的考察,验证了这一规律的正确性。最后,本文运用OLS法对我国国民收入结构进行线性回归分析发现：增加低收入者、工人阶层的工资收入,自觉运用工人生活必需品扩大规律,是当前破解宏观经济问题的关键。     

城乡统筹发展机理及其战略选择

城乡统筹意味着投资于工业和农业的相同资源所得到的收益之间无显著差异.一个关于投资决策的规划模型显示出:城乡协同发展的条件由市场交易价格、工业产品和农业产品的劳动生产率、工业产品和农业产品生产的投资水平、不同产品生产的专业化程度等参数共同进行刻画和描述,并由此揭示出城乡统筹发展的战略选择.     

安全利益影响下朝鲜经济发展趋势分析

冷战结束后,朝鲜面临着安全利益和经济发展两大亟待解决的问题。安全问题既影响了朝鲜有限资源的配置,也影响了朝鲜经济发展所需要的外部环境。为解决这一困境,朝鲜似乎希望通过朝鲜半岛核问题来推动问题的解决。从目前朝鲜经济政策调整发展的趋势和朝鲜半岛核问题发展的进程来看,朝鲜应该是在寻找一条能够推动经济发展的渐进的适合朝鲜国情的改革发展道路。     

农民工返乡的理性分析与现实思考

金融危机、经济结构调整和惠农政策的影响是导致2008年下半年以来农民工大量返乡的主要因素。农民工的返乡引发了其收入的减少、子女的上学困难,返乡后的农民工难以适应农村的生存和生活,农民工返乡后给基层政府的治理带来困境。农民工返乡背后所反映的是农民工技能的缺失、农民工创业政策的不完善、土地流转还存在政策上的缺陷、农民工的社会保障制度还有待深化等问题。建议加大农民工培训力度;完善社保制度,使更多的农民工享受到社会保障的权益;降低农民工返乡创业的门槛;采取一些措施消除返乡农民工可能带来的一些治安方面的隐患;规范土地流转制度。