写作发生机制论

将写作发生的起点,从过去的“审题”还原到生活之中,从而使整个写作发生机制的性质发生了改变:功能上,从“应试”变为了“应世”;从一个封闭的自控系统变为一个必须适应语境的开放的自调节系统。这给写作教学改革提供了新的参照。     

贾母形象功能探析

本文从提供形象范式、彰显双重主题、营造叙事结构、强化审美信息这四个维度 ,对《红楼梦》中的贾母形象进行了审视 ,发现一部文学作品 ,特别是优秀之作 ,其中人物形象的功能绝不是单向 ,而是多元的。因此 ,对人物形象的功能加以研究是非常必要的     

Perspectives on Incorporating Human Neurobehavioral End Points in Risk Assessments

Three topics are addressed: (1) measurement issues (e.g., the reliability and validity of neurobehavioral test scores), (2) general principles of assessment, including test selection, and (3) interpretation of scores. Psychological tests generally perform as well as medical tests in terms of reliability and validity. Test manuals, assessment textbooks, and psychologists are useful resources to the risk assessor. The variety of different tests employed in neurobehavioral studies complicates interstudy comparisons. In addition, tests that ostensibly assess the same general domain of function might assess somewhat different abilities within that domain. Although a uniform battery for use in all studies seems desirable, the battery appropriate for a specific study depends on study goals, knowledge about the mechanism(s) of neurotoxicity, nature of the study population, and pattern of exposure. Exposure-related neurobehavioral deficits are generally indicators of "altered function" rather than of "clinical disease." Limiting concern to end points corresponding to clinical disease might not be appropriate. Many neurobehavioral diagnoses are phenomenological and a neurotoxicant might cause a unique pattern of deficits for which no label has been created. The concern that a small shift in the central tendency of a distribution of test scores has no significance for the individual should be reexamined in light of the prevention paradox, formulated on the basis of epidemiologic studies of chronic disease. Poor performance on a neurobehavioral test does not necessarily map clearly onto underlying behavioral or neural substrate. The absence of such linkages, given current knowledge about brain-behavior relationships, should not reduce confidence in neurobehavioral end points. Use of neurobehavioral test scores involves considerations that differ little from those that the risk assessor routinely addresses in using end points commonly used in research on other topics in environmental epidemiology.     

"后新时期"城市小说情感模式研究

"后新时期"城市小说的一个重要情感模式是"反抗城市".它体现了某种与西方当代文学的共有主题,并构成这一时期城市小说的主要审美内容,这一情感模式在具体创作中又分别体现为"走出城市社会"、"反抗制作世界"、"选择桑丘·潘沙"等子模式.     

试论高校教师智力资本的特点与核算方法

高校教师的劳动实际上是消耗人的智力资本.在知识经济时代,其劳动方式不会改变,但获得报酬的方式却由传统的平均分配转为智力资本的分配,智力资本的积累也就成了高校教师的必然选择.对高校教师智力资本进行科学的动态核算,会使高校智力资本分配方式趋向合理性.     

Spinal Cord Injury

ABSTRACT

This article provides an overview of spinal cord injury (SCI) that is useful and informative for social workers and other health care professionals who work with this population. Social workers new to the specialty of spinal cord injury must expand their knowledge base of this chronic injury. Social workers contribute to the rehabilitation process through assessment, education, and discharge planning. This article also may be used to inform persons with spinal cord injury and their families and to encourage them to engage in dialogue about SCI in the earliest stages of treatment and rehabilitation.     

叶圣陶的语文知能观及其理论意义

叶圣陶以生活为本位的语文知能观包括读、写并重的国文知能观和听、说、读、写并重的语文知能观.前者从文章学角度揭示了基础语文学科与实际生活的关系和由此所决定的基础性与工具性特征;后者是前者在实践中的发展,从语言应用角度对语文学科的性质与范畴作出科学界定,从语言与思维的关系阐释了语文能力的深层内涵.语文知能观的提出,标志着以生活为本位的现代语文工具论理论体系的形成,为中国现当代基础语文教育系统改革和整个教学体系设计与建设提供了理论依据.     

多变量过程自组织学习控制新方法及其实时实现

本文论述一种利用相联存储器系统的多变量自组织学习控制新方法及其实时实现。在线学习包含两个步骤:被控过程的动态输入—输出特性用仿视感控器的方式逐步存入一个相联存储器中,用来作为预测过程模型;依靠一种特殊的输出预测算法,利用预测过程模型并通过单步超前性能指标最优化来规划控制策略,经教练后的控制策略以同样的方式存入第二个相联存储器中。文中提出了一种特殊的采样和更新方法。通过仿真和实时应用证明了所述学习控制新方法的可行性。     

Bad Days Don't End When the School Bell Rings: The Lingering Effects of Negative School Events on Children's Mood, Self-esteem, and Perceptions of Parent–Child Interaction

Each day for five days, 79 fifth‐grade children reported on events that occurred at school and they and their parents described their interactions with each other each evening. Consistent with previous research, it was found that on days when children reported more academic or peer problems during the day at school, they later described more aversive interactions with their parents. As hypothesized, increases in anxiety and drops in children's state self‐esteem partially mediated this link. However, parents did not report any differences in their interactions with the target child on days when the child experienced problems at school. This study suggests that negative events experienced by children while at school lead to short‐term changes in mood and self‐esteem, which influence their perceptions of subsequent interactions at home with parents.     

文艺意识形态实践的审美规定

在唯物史观的宏观构架下,文艺意识形态实践的一般性主要表现为对于现实生活与经济基础的反作用关系过程。作为一种具有审美规定的意识形态形式,文艺具有一种特殊的实践性质,即审美实践性质。这种实践的审美内涵主要表现为三个方面:个体化的实践对象;形象化的实践方式;情感化的实践效果。这三者共同建构了文艺意识形态的审美实践的结构过程。