Redoing Gender: How Women in the Funeral Industry Use Essentialism for Equality

Although some research considers women's participation in traditionally male‐dominated jobs as an ‘undoing’ of the gender system, other scholars argue that women's participation in non‐traditional roles can actually maintain hegemonic masculinity. Because women have recently entered the funeral industry in unprecedented numbers, the profession offers a unique context to study how women negotiate a sense of belonging in male‐dominated fields. I draw on 22 interviews with women in the funeral industry to reveal how gender is done and undone in an occupational context. In what Hughey ( 2010 . Social Problems, 57, 653–679) refers to as a ‘paradox of participation’, I argue that women in the funeral industry redefine the image of the ideal funeral director by using gender essentialist logic, which originally acted as a barrier to their entry to the field, to justify their participation. By showing how gender essentialism and egalitarianism can constitute reinforcing logics instead of an opposing binary, this research contributes to the literature concerning women in non‐traditional roles.     

真理的前提性批判——对西方近代哲学认识论的再认识

哲学史上任何体系都有自己的前提,他们的真理都依赖于前提的正确性。因此,哲学家们都要寻求一个绝对正确的前提作为出发点,以保证自己体系的真理性。所以,寻求一个确定无疑的出发点就成为哲学的首要任务,尤为突出的是近代西方哲学中唯理论与经验论之争。他们之间相互斗争,相互促进,不断审视,拷问真理的向度、源头和基础,从而酿成了其“前提性”的理性独断,最后滑向了独断论和怀疑论的深渊。康德用“哥白尼式的革命”试图调和此争,但使得认识主体和“物自体”之间又出现了一道不可逾越的鸿沟。黑格尔以“实体即主体”为核心,将认识论与本体论统一起来,弥合了历史所留下的鸿沟,但黑格尔所营造的形而上学体系却如空中楼阁,终究失去了现实意义。直至马克思从科学的实践观出发,明确提出实践是检验真理的唯一标准,从而消解了传统形而上学,建构了实践哲学,为主客体搭建了一座桥梁,真正弥合了这个鸿沟,确立了实践是检验真理的唯一标准的真理观。     

Reclaiming ourselves through Testimonio pedagogy: reflections on a curriculum design lab in teacher education

This article details one teacher preparation course centering Latin American Testimonio narratives of struggle/survival amid structural oppression for use in secondary curriculum. As our class of predominantly Latina/o students and two Latina instructors engaged Testimonio pedagogy, we fashioned a hopeful alternative to our own experiences of intergenerational oppression. While research indicates that the experiences and histories of pre-service Teachers of Color lend pedagogical strength and critical consciousness to teacher education, three Latina pre-service students highlight the ways in which Testimonio became more than a pedagogical approach. Testimonio’s collectivity, resistance, hope, and assertions of voice and dignity moved through them not as educators first but as (great-grand)daughters of oppressed though still-resilient People(s). Testimonio emboldened these Latina pre-service educators to recognize and validate their own inherited multiliteracies, (re)claim their connectedness to land, and articulate their visions for more equitable schooling. This work advances research into the essentiality of engaging race and ethnicity in K-12 and teacher education curriculum and pedagogy.     

‘A brutal blow against the democratic normality’: unlearning the epistemology of the political

ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper is to rethink our understanding of ‘the political’ through an examination of two novels by José Saramago, Blindness and Seeing. Both novels tackle directly a central, if not the central, signature metaphor of Western political thought, namely that of ‘seeing the light’. This metaphor takes many forms and recurs throughout the tradition of Western political philosophy as a source, legitimiser, and validator of knowing, and perhaps even a guarantor of knowledge. In particular, this metaphor has served to make knowable whatever it is that is signified by ‘the political’. By extension, it also means that whatever might be outside of this epistemological frame is rendered unknowable, if not unthinkable. Both of Saramago’s novels provide a fruitful means to recalibrate how we might know ‘the political’. The novels call into question the epistemic signatures that frame our commonly accepted understandings of ‘the political’ and in so doing provoke us further to question how we might move towards unlearning the epistemology of the political.     

费耶阿本德科学哲学思想综述

保尔.费耶阿本德是当代西方最有影响的科学哲学家之一,他的科学哲学思想与西方其他科学哲学家相比有着鲜明的特色,被称为“当代科学哲学中最大的异端”。他属于历史学派,反对科学沙文主义、经验主义、证伪主义、理性主义等,并提出了“无政府主义认识论”、“韧性原理”和“增殖原理”等科学发展模式理论,他认为他的任务乃是宣告科学哲学的终结,成为科学哲学的送葬人。     

解蔽与成圣:荀子认识论新探

荀子明确将自然对象排斥于人的认识领域之外 ,而把认识对象规定为三位一体的“五经”、礼义和道。荀子的认识方法 ,一是通过具有理性思维能力的心灵 ,以静观的方式来认识对象 ;二是认识主体以“行”即践履的方式来把握对象。荀子的认识目标有两个层面 :其一是知性层面的“解蔽” ;其二是德性层面的“成圣”。从上述认识对象、认识方法、认识目标的具体规定来看 ,荀子的认识论是一种“社会道德认识论” ,而不是所谓的朴素唯物主义反映论     

和合外宣翻译研究初探

和合翻译学是译学理论研究的新方向,而外宣翻译亦为翻译学的年轻分支,将二者合璧,无疑具有双赢意义：既拓展了和合翻译观的研究视野,又为外宣翻译研究注入了新的生机。和合外宣翻译研究以和合翻译思想为理论基础,分别从本体观、认识观、伦理观、审美观和文化观五个维度论证了外宣翻译的和合过程,即各种主客观因素融突、创生的过程,跳出了探讨译法的窠臼,转而关注语言外的因素,更有利于揭示外宣翻译的本质。     

社会发展代价理论建构的四个哲学维度

发展的代价是发展这一时代核心主题面临的突出问题。从理论上切实解决该问题，就必须从哲学的高度入手，从四个维度进行思考，首先是本体论思考，其主要任务是研究社会发展代价的本质及其在社会发展中的地位与作用；其次是认识论思考，其目的是对人们在认识世界与履行世界过程中的代价进行梳理；再次是价值论思考，其主旨是对人们在价值实践活动中所付出的代价进行反思；最后是方法论思考，其主要内空介对人们付出代价求得发展的方法进行探讨。某种程度上说，从哲学高度研究和把握社会发展的代价问题，是历史，也是时代赋予哲学工作者的迫切任务。     

中国先秦时期知识观分析——基于西方知识论视野

“得到辩护的真信念”是西方哲学从纯粹的认知兴趣出发得出的关于知识的一贯定义,从这一定义出发,命题信念和客体信念根本不同.在西方知识论视域中对比考察儒家、道家和墨家述“知”的句法及其基本理论特点,我们可以得出结论:尽管先秦时期不乏纯粹的认知旨趣和句法等形式逻辑上的追求,但关于知的论述都以伦理诉求为旨归,从而缺乏西方文化传统中相应的成熟的认知理论以及形式逻辑体系.     

皮亚杰论心理学研究的认识论意义

现代西方哲学在批判逻辑经验主义的基础主义认识论的过程中，出现了一股自然主义认识论潮流。皮亚杰强调心理学研究的认识论意义，从一个侧面体现了这一思潮的致思趋向。他认为，心理学作为认识发展的胚胎学，不仅为揭示认识发展的机制，而且为阐明科学范畴的起源和发展，提供了一把钥匙。皮亚杰的这些思想，对于深化认识论的研究。有着积极的意义。