On distribution-weighted partial least squares with diverging number of highly correlated predictors

Summary.  Because highly correlated data arise from many scientific fields, we investigate parameter estimation in a semiparametric regression model with diverging number of predictors that are highly correlated. For this, we first develop a distribution-weighted least squares estimator that can recover directions in the central subspace, then use the distribution-weighted least squares estimator as a seed vector and project it onto a Krylov space by partial least squares to avoid computing the inverse of the covariance of predictors. Thus, distrbution-weighted partial least squares can handle the cases with high dimensional and highly correlated predictors. Furthermore, we also suggest an iterative algorithm for obtaining a better initial value before implementing partial least squares. For theoretical investigation, we obtain strong consistency and asymptotic normality when the dimension p of predictors is of convergence rate O { n ^1/2/ log ( n )} and o ( n ^1/3) respectively where n is the sample size. When there are no other constraints on the covariance of predictors, the rates n ^1/2 and n ^1/3 are optimal. We also propose a Bayesian information criterion type of criterion to estimate the dimension of the Krylov space in the partial least squares procedure. Illustrative examples with a real data set and comprehensive simulations demonstrate that the method is robust to non-ellipticity and works well even in 'small n –large p ' problems.     

Two-step estimation for inhomogeneous spatial point processes

Summary.  The paper is concerned with parameter estimation for inhomogeneous spatial point processes with a regression model for the intensity function and tractable second-order properties ( K -function). Regression parameters are estimated by using a Poisson likelihood score estimating function and in the second step minimum contrast estimation is applied for the residual clustering parameters. Asymptotic normality of parameter estimates is established under certain mixing conditions and we exemplify how the results may be applied in ecological studies of rainforests.     

Deconvolution methods for non-parametric inference in two-level mixed models

Summary.  We develop a general non-parametric approach to the analysis of clustered data via random effects. Assuming only that the link function is known, the regression functions and the distributions of both cluster means and observation errors are treated non-parametrically. Our argument proceeds by viewing the observation error at the cluster mean level as though it were a measurement error in an errors-in-variables problem, and using a deconvolution argument to access the distribution of the cluster mean. A Fourier deconvolution approach could be used if the distribution of the error-in-variables were known. In practice it is unknown, of course, but it can be estimated from repeated measurements, and in this way deconvolution can be achieved in an approximate sense. This argument might be interpreted as implying that large numbers of replicates are necessary for each cluster mean distribution, but that is not so; we avoid this requirement by incorporating statistical smoothing over values of nearby explanatory variables. Empirical rules are developed for the choice of smoothing parameter. Numerical simulations, and an application to real data, demonstrate small sample performance for this package of methodology. We also develop theory establishing statistical consistency.     

冷战后日美同盟的强化——以联合军事演习为视角

日美联合军事演习的发展演变,体现出冷战后日美同盟的强化:作用范围扩大化、军事合作一体化、战略地位中心化、地区威慑强势化.     

论维新报刊的政治舆论功能

维新报刊在其特定历史环境下,发挥了舆论先导的政治功能：维新报刊是政治变革的“喉舌”,是监督政府、议论朝政的舆论利器,向读者宣扬了资产阶级启蒙思想,有力地推动了维新运动的进展。     

青岛市农民专业合作社的发展:现状、问题与对策

近年来,青岛市农民专业合作社快速发展,在运行过程中发挥了重要功能,推动了现代农业发展.当前,还存在着发展空间有限、内部管理欠规范、主动参与市场竞争的动力不足、个别部门政策支持行为不到位等亟待解决的问题.因此,进一步规范和发展农民专业合作社,必须端正发展思想,避免"两个倾向"; 加强宣传教育与培训;加快组织模式创新;进一步完善内部运行机制;强化政府支持行为,营造一个有利于发展的外部环境.     

幽默言语行为的语用策略及在交际中的影响

本文论述话语幽默是人类交际活动巾重要的语言现象,它既是人们行使其他青外之力的有效手段,又有助于人们更好地实现交际目的：     

“福利田”的经济分析

由于农地经济功能的弱化和社会功能的强化,以保障基本生活为目的的福利田产生,与之相对的是以获取最大经济效益为目的的效率田。通过对福利田的经济分析,我们可以明确看到,福利田导致了农地的低效利用,制约了农业效益的提高,同时影响到农民工的非农化进程,阻碍了我国产业结构升级。     

论高校阳光辅导员的培育

新时期高校辅导员要象阳光般充满朝气和活力,才能焕发青年大学生求知的激情,进取的意识,创新的精神。高校阳光辅导员要有适应高校学生教育管理的诸多时代特点,才能在高校学生教育管理和学生成长成才中发挥积极的作用。选拔和培养好新时期高校阳光辅导员,是提升高校的办学水平和提高人才培养质量重要方面。     

Quantile dispersion graphs to compare the efficiencies of cluster randomized designs

The purpose of this article is to compare efficiencies of several cluster randomized designs using the method of quantile dispersion graphs (QDGs). A cluster randomized design is considered whenever subjects are randomized at a group level but analyzed at the individual level. A prior knowledge of the correlation existing between subjects within the same cluster is necessary to design these cluster randomized trials. Using the QDG approach, we are able to compare several cluster randomized designs without requiring any information on the intracluster correlation. For a given design, several quantiles of the power function, which are directly related to the effect size, are obtained for several effect sizes. The quantiles depend on the intracluster correlation present in the model. The dispersion of these quantiles over the space of the unknown intracluster correlation is determined, and then depicted by the QDGs. Two applications of the proposed methodology are presented.