组织心理契约违背对管理者行为的影响

为了研究组织心理契约违背与管理者行为之间的关系,对512位组织管理者进行定量研究和结构方差验证,结论如下:1.组织对管理者的心理契约由三维结构构成,分别是交易型心理契约、关系型心理契约和管理型心理契约,其中管理型心理契约是组织与一般员工之间所不具备的心理契约形式,体现了组织与管理者之间的一种特异关系;2.组织的管理型心理契约违背导致管理者退出和忽略行为增加,组织忠诚和呼吁行为减少;组织的交易型心理契约违背导致管理者退出行为增加和呼吁行为减少;组织的关系型心理契约违背导致管理者忽略行为减少.3.管理型心理契约和交易型心理契约是管理者更加关注的两种心理契约形式,而对关系型心理契约的关注则相对较少.     

市场时机对资本结构影响的持续度研究

市场股价信息会不断影响股权融资决策,对资本结构的影响甚至出现累积效应。为此,从中长期的角度探寻历史市场时机对公司资本结构形成和杠杆累计变动的影响,并具体测算出市场时机对资本结构影响的持续程度。研究表明,市场价格高的公司不仅在短时间内愿意进行股权融资,而且过去的市场价格信息也会对资本结构产生中长期的影响,在一定时间里不断累积。这种信息的影响大约会持续5年左右。     

The effects of meal-timing on self-rated hunger and dietary inflammatory potential among a sample of college students

College is an important time for young adults to establish healthy eating habits since students are at risk for gaining weight during the college years. An emerging area of research is examining the effect of meal-timing, which involves the timing of food intake throughout the day, in an effort to improve satiety and bodyweight. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of meal-timing among a sample of college students and to assess what aspects from an intervention could help them to adhere to meal-timing long term. Participants were randomly assigned to either a daytime group (≤30% total kcals after 5?pm) or a nighttime group (≥50% total kcals after 5?pm). After completing the intervention, almost half of participants (49%) reported they could adhere to meal-timing long-term. Having more resources that support meal-timing are needed to help students potentially achieve a healthy weight and prevent chronic diseases.     

Economic conditions,marital status,and the timing of first births: Results for whites and blacks

Relatively little is known about the effects of aggregate economic conditions on first-birth timing. In this paper, we argue that aggregate economic conditions are important macrolevel forces driving the transition to parenthood. We develop and test a causal model, separately by race, in which economic conditions influence both marital status and first-birth timing. Our results indicate that economic conditions are significant predictors of both outcomes, with economic conditions for females having effects different from those for males. A particularly noteworthy finding is that favorable wage trajectories for females lead to a decreased likelihood of being married and slower birth timing (a finding opposite to that predicted on the basis of opportunity costs). For blacks, the majority of the effects of economic conditions on the transition to parenthood are direct, while for whites a significant proportion of effects are indirect through marital status.     

虚拟逻辑分析仪的开发

阐述了利用虚拟仪器概念研制的逻辑分析仪原理及其在设计中为提高采样速率,促进仪器小型化、增加电路可靠性、提供友善的用户界面等方面所做的具体工作和采取的具体措施。本文所述的虚拟仪器原理及其设计方法,在本世纪90年代的仪器开发中具有重要意义。     

绍兴市区交通红绿灯配时优化模型研究——以大龙市场十字路口为例

通过分析十字交叉路口的几何临界条件和车流量通行的临界条件,建立了左转车道待转区的设置模型.以绍兴市区大龙市场交叉路口为例,建立了相位绿灯时间下的十字路口红绿灯配时方案.在此基础上进一步考虑黄灯闪亮时间的配时模型.     

Clinical Capital and the Risk of Maternal Labor and Delivery Complications: Hospital Scheduling,Timing, and Cohort Turnover Effects

The establishment of interventions to maximize maternal health requires the identification of modifiable risk factors. Toward the identification of modifiable hospital‐based factors, we analyze over 2 million births from 2005 to 2010 in Texas, employing a series of quasi‐experimental tests involving hourly, daily, and monthly circumstances where medical service quality (or clinical capital) is known to vary exogenously. Motivated by a clinician's choice model, we investigate whether maternal delivery complications (1) vary by work shift, (2) increase by the hours worked within shifts, (3) increase on weekends and holidays when hospitals are typically understaffed, and (4) are higher in July when a new cohort of residents enter teaching hospitals. We find consistent evidence of a sizable statistical relationship between deliveries during nonstandard schedules and negative patient outcomes. Delivery complications are higher during night shifts (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.18–1.25), and on weekends (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14) and holidays (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04–1.60), when hospitals are understaffed and less experienced doctors are more likely to work. Within shifts, we show deterioration of occupational performance per additional hour worked (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02). We observe substantial additional risk at teaching hospitals in July (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14–1.43), reflecting a cohort‐turnover effect. All results are robust to the exclusion of noninduced births and intuitively falsified with analyses of chromosomal disorders. Results from our multiple‐test strategy indicate that hospitals can meaningfully attenuate harm to maternal health through strategic scheduling of staff.     

Socioeconomic differentials in the transition to first cohabitation in Norway

Using Norwegian data this study examines the impact of individual as well as parental socioeconomic resources on the timing of the transition to first cohabitation. The analyses show that the entrance into a first cohabitation is positively affected by individual level of education, whereas school enrollment delays first cohabitation. Further, respondents whose parents have a secondary or tertiary education start their first cohabitation later than those with lower educated parents. There are, however, important gender differences in the association between socioeconomic variables and the timing of first cohabitation. First, there is a stronger positive association between level of education and timing of first cohabitation for women than is the case for men. The positive effect of income, on the other hand, is more pronounced for men. Lastly, the delaying effect of having a tertiary educated father is stronger for the female sub-sample.     

论我国金融机构市场退出的法律路径

我国南方证券破产案和美国华尔街金融风暴是实证方法运用的两个实例，而金融市场的非理性是我国金融机构市场退出法律路径的逻辑起点，针对我国金融机构市场退出在理念、制度设计和制度实现上的缺陷，必须从理念更新、法律模式选择和配套制度完善等三个方面克服传统的路径依赖，寻求新的法律路径。     

Predicting the Daily Covariance Matrix for S&P 100 Stocks Using Intraday Data—But Which Frequency to Use?

This article investigates the merits of high-frequency intraday data when forming mean-variance efficient stock portfolios with daily rebalancing from the individual constituents of the S&P 100 index. We focus on the issue of determining the optimal sampling frequency as judged by the performance of these portfolios. The optimal sampling frequency ranges between 30 and 65 minutes, considerably lower than the popular five-minute frequency, which typically is motivated by the aim of striking a balance between the variance and bias in covariance matrix estimates due to market microstructure effects such as non-synchronous trading and bid-ask bounce. Bias-correction procedures, based on combining low-frequency and high-frequency covariance matrix estimates and on the addition of leads and lags do not substantially affect the optimal sampling frequency or the portfolio performance. Our findings are also robust to the presence of transaction costs and to the portfolio rebalancing frequency.