“城中村”村民个体特征与阶层认同——基于江苏省常州市小庙村的调查

利用对江苏省常州市小庙村村民的调查数据,研究村民的不同个体特征与其阶层认同之间的关系表明:村民的政治面貌、有产权住房数等因素与村民的阶层认同关系不大,村民的性别、年龄、户口类型、文化程度、从事职业、月收入水平、家庭月消费水平等变量则与村民阶层认同关系密切。男性村民主观认同的阶层地位显著高于女性村民;青年和中年村民认同的阶层地位明显高于老年和未成年村民;已有城市户口的村民,主观阶层认同显著高于农村户口村民;初中以下文化程度村民认同的阶层地位较低,随着学历的提高,村民主观阶层认同显著升高;在政府机关和事业单位工作的村民,阶层认同最高,其次是个体经营者和公司职员,工厂工人和无业者等主观认同的阶层地位较低;月收入越高的村民,主观认同的阶层地位明显高于收入低的村民;家庭消费水平越高的村民,主观阶层认同明显高于家庭消费水平较低的村民。     

侠之想像与中国知识分子的身份认同——金庸小说的社会学意义

武侠想像是对现代性焦虑作出的反应。随着现代性的发生，传统社会的解体，中国知识分子面临着严重的生存困境和身份认同危机，一部分人通过文学之侠的想像，来回应现代性和寻找身份认同。在现代性条件下，金庸武侠小说通过对侠的现代阐释和想像，使自身处于一个承上启下的过渡位置，呈现出并不寻常的意义：金庸武侠小说由对江湖世界的美化转向对江湖黑暗的批判，表现出现代知识分子社会认同的解构；由对民族大义的歌颂转向对民族主义的破除，表现出对现代政治认同的超越；由对武林义气的肯定转向否定，批判江湖文化，表现出对传统文化认同的超越。金庸的现代武侠小说最终完成了对传统社会认同(江湖世界)、国家(民族主义)、文化(武林义气)的超越和解构。金庸小说的侠之想像是现代性条件下中国知识分子以虚构的方式解决身份认同危机，追寻自我认同的一种文化形式，在更深的层次上，它是一种对抗“存在被遗忘”的拯救性力量，一种想像性的自救力量。     

Women's entrepreneurship,neoliberalism and economic justice in the postfeminist era: A discourse analysis of policy change in Sweden

Since the early 1990s, there has been investment in women's entrepreneurship policy (WEP) in Sweden, which continued until 2015. During the same period, Sweden assumed neoliberal policies that profoundly changed the position of women within the world of work and business. The goals for WEP changed as a result, from entrepreneurship as a way to create a more equal society, to the goal of unleashing women's entrepreneurial potential so they can contribute to economic growth. To better understand this shift we approach WEP as a neoliberal governmentality which offers women ‘entrepreneurial’ or ‘postfeminist’ subject positions. The analysis is inspired by political theorist Nancy Fraser who theorized the change as the displacement of socioeconomic redistribution in favour of cultural recognition, or identity politics. We use Fraser's concepts in a discourse analysis of Swedish WEP over two decades, identifying two distinct discourses and three discursive displacements. Whilst WEP initially gave precedence to a radical feminist discourse that called for women's collective action, this was replaced by a postfeminist neoliberal discourse that encouraged individual women to assume an entrepreneurial persona, start their own business, compete in the marketplace and contribute to economic growth. The result was the continued subordination of women business owners, but it also obscured or rendered structural problems/solutions, and collective feminist action, irrelevant.     

试论古汉语中的“鸳鸯”是否是联绵词——兼论联绵词的一种鉴别方式

在现代汉语中“鸳鸯”是联绵词。通过对“鸳鸯”的历时考察,发现“鸳”、“鸯”能单用、分用,有重叠形式,“鸳鸯”有异序词,也和合成词一样。所以用现行的有关联绵词的语素识别方法一双向替换法不好判断它是否是联绵词。通过考察联绵词的来源,提出了新的判断方法,用两个公式区分联绵词与合成词,最终确定“鸳鸯”从古至今都是联绵词。     

Theorising the power of citizenship as claims-making

I advance a conceptual approach to citizenship as membership through claims-making. In this approach, citizenship is a relational process of making membership claims on polities, people and institutions, claims recognized or rejected within particular normative understandings of citizenship. Such a conceptual shift moves scholarship beyond typologizing—enumerating how citizenship is (or is not) about status, rights, participation and identity—to identifying the mechanisms through which claims on citizenship have power. This framework requires a relational approach and attention to dynamics of recognition within contexts of structured agency. Immigrants and their children can make claims to modify the normative content of citizenship, affect recognition evaluations and change the allocation of status and rights. But they are also constrained by legal structures, a society's institutional practices, and prevailing public perceptions. Citizenship as claims-making may require a reassessment of boundary approaches and a turn to metaphors of positionality, as well as more serious commitment to mixed-methods research. The stakes of understanding citizenship's power, as practice and status, are especially high right now. Yet based on existing scholarship, it is not entirely clear how much citizenship matters, in what ways, for whom, or why. This is the challenge for future scholarship.     

Beyond the dilemmas of multiculturalism: recognition through ‘relational reason’

Recent sociological research has shown that the ideology of multiculturalism, after having been adopted as official policy in many countries, has generated more negative than positive effects (fragmentation of society, separation of minorities, cultural relativism). This article discusses the possible alternatives to multiculturalism, asking whether the path of interculturality can be a solution or not. The idea of interculturality has the advantage of stressing the inter, namely what lies in between different cultures. But it does not yet possess a conceptual and effective means to understand and handle the problems of the public sphere. To go over the failures of multiculturalism and the fragilities of interculturality, a lay approach to the coexistence of cultures is required, which is able to give strength back to Reason, through a new semantics of inter-human diversity. The author suggests the development of ‘relational reason’, beyond the forms of rationality already known. To make human reason relational might be the best way to imagine a social order which is able to humanize the globalizing processes and the increasing migrations.     

Generating recognition,acceptance and social inclusion in marginalised youth populations: the potential of sports-based interventions

In recent years sport-based interventions have been implemented as a mechanism via which to target marginalised youth in relation to the development of social inclusion. Much of the political rhetoric surrounding social inclusion programmes highlights engagement with education, employment, or training, as key metrics. This has led some scholars to observe that conceptualising social inclusion in this way can act to further marginalise young people who fail to engage with these metrics. In contrast, this paper seeks to employ an alternative understanding of social inclusion, which uses the concepts of recognition and acceptance, to infer how participation in sports-based programmes may enable marginalised youth to meet mainstream societal expectations and aid with social assimilation. Drawing upon findings from two small-scale studies of sport-based interventions located in three UK cities, this paper places participant accounts at the centre of the analysis to explore broader notions of pro-social development in relation to recognition and interpersonal acceptance. The paper concludes by suggesting that within contexts in which young people are able to generate strong interpersonal relationships with key personnel (such as coaches), and which are built upon trust, recognition and developing self-worth, there is clear potential for sport-based programmes to incubate social assimilation.     

Mending the gaps in social work education and research: two examples from a Swedish context

ABSTRACT

The gap-mending concept is an analytical tool that helps teachers and researchers in social work to reflect upon what, in their practice, increases, maintains or mends gaps between professionals and service user groups. The article suggests a theoretical background on how gaps in social work practice can be challenged. This includes theories about power and recognition. It then moves on to describe the development of gap-mending strategies in research and education at the School of Social Work at Lund University. Lund University was one of three partners that took the initiative to the international network PowerUs that has focused on gap-mending strategies in social work education. The authors have been working over 10 years in collaboration with service user participation in the education of social workers and in different research projects. In the article, they give examples of gap-mending practices and of challenges that they have faced. The first example is an experimental course that has been given since 2005 where social work students study together with students from service user organizations in a university course. The second example is an attempt to combat homelessness in several Swedish municipalities. Supported by researchers, the development project has been a collaboration between homeless groups, politicians and social workers.     

社会网络、 先前经验与创业风险识别

无法识别创业风险是导致创业失败的主要原因之一,如何有效识别并管理创业风险是新创企业健康成长的关键.社会网络能够弥补创业者在识别风险过程中的信息劣势,但既有研究极少探索社会网络是否以及如何影响创业风险识别.为弥补这个研究空白,文章利用信息处理理论为研究框架,构建了创业风险识别模型.具体而言,结构洞和网络强度有利于创业者获取更多、高质量与风险相关的信息,进而识别更多的创业风险;获取信息的数量在网络强度与创业风险识别关系之间发挥完全中介作用;创业者的先前经验正向影响创业风险识别,并对结构洞与获取信息的数量之间关系起调节作用.文章讨论了研究结果的理论贡献与实践启发.     

斯大林的"民族"定义对中国的"民族识别"影响研究

斯大林关于民族的定义一直影响着中国的民族工作,特别是在20世纪50年代全国上下展开的民族识别中,它成为了识别族群身份、划分族群族属的重要标准。但是,现在在回顾历史的过程中,我们不得不重新思考这个问题。