Online patient feedback as a safety valve: An automated language analysis of unnoticed and unresolved safety incidents

Safety reporting systems are widely used in healthcare to identify risks to patient safety. But, their effectiveness is undermined if staff do not notice or report incidents. Patients, however, might observe and report these overlooked incidents because they experience the consequences, are highly motivated, and independent of the organization. Online patient feedback may be especially valuable because it is a channel of reporting that allows patients to report without fear of consequence (e.g., anonymously). Harnessing this potential is challenging because online feedback is unstructured and lacks demonstrable validity and added value. Accordingly, we developed an automated language analysis method for measuring the likelihood of patient-reported safety incidents in online patient feedback. Feedback from patients and families (n = 146,685, words = 22,191,427, years = 2013–2019) about acute NHS trusts (hospital conglomerates; n = 134) in England were analyzed. The automated measure had good precision (0.69) and excellent recall (0.98) in identifying incidents; was independent of staff-reported incidents (r = −0.04 to 0.19); and was associated with hospital-level mortality rates (z = 3.87; p < 0.001). The identified safety incidents were often reported as unnoticed (89%) or unresolved (21%), suggesting that patients use online platforms to give visibility to safety concerns they believe have been missed or ignored. Online stakeholder feedback is akin to a safety valve; being independent and unconstrained it provides an outlet for reporting safety issues that may have been unnoticed or unresolved within formal channels.     

略谈英语教学中的“三回头”

在英语教学过程中,教育工作者对自己的教学收集反馈信息,进行反思从而调节完善课堂教学是十分必要的。     

双寡头电力市场垂直合作减排的随机微分对策模型

考虑单电网公司与双发电商所组成的渠道结构,构建了发电商投资减排、电网公司投资消纳的优势互补的异质型垂直合作减排的随机微分对策模型,先后考察并比较了分散决策和集成决策下的反馈均衡结果。在此基础上,讨论了利润共享契约下系统增量利润的分配问题。研究表明：对于分散决策,电网公司选择性承担发电商的减排费用;两种决策下的发电商减排和电网公司购电价格以及分散决策下的减排补贴与发电商之间的减排竞争强度相关;在一定条件和范围内,合作博弈有利于提高电网公司购电电价,同时为此所带来的风险增大。     

惠农政策信息传输与反馈中的问题及其改进

在惠农政策信息的传输与反馈过程中,信息失真、信息阻塞、信息缺失等问题时有发生,影响政策实施效果。引发这些问题有多方面的原因,如基层政府误读、曲解信息,农民接受和反馈政策信息难,信息的传输和反馈机制不健全、不利于监督等等。要解决好这些问题,首先要提高基层干部和农民对惠农政策信息的思想认识,其次要健全政策机制,强化地方政府责任以及在物质条件上保障惠农政策信息的畅通传输。     

中国证券市场泡沫测度及形成机理研究

证券市场上的资产价格泡沫一直是理论界研究的热点问题。本文以中国A股市场上市公司每股收益作为股市内在价值,从波动性角度提出用泡沫测度方法来测度中国证券市场的股市泡沫程度,以此实证检验并分析中国股市从1996年末至2008年末各波动周期股市泡沫的波动性特征和泡沫程度,进而运用信息反馈和博弈理论探讨股市泡沫的形成机理。     

我国货币政策目标间因果反馈及仿真——基于系统动力学视角

我国货币政策的目标之间相互影响,共同调控经济的发展。经济发展系统遵循因果规律,具有动态性、开放性、高度非线性、高阶次、多变量、多重反馈、复杂时变等特点。运用系统动力学构建经济发展系统的反馈模型、结构流图和方程,以计算机仿真和模拟为辅助手段,通过对相关参数的确定和调控模拟,揭示货币政策目标间的相互作用,为我国宏观经济政策的制定提供决策依据。     

On Doing Research in a Clinical Setting

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a stand-alone personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention targeting misperceptions of gambling among college students. Participants: Undergraduates (N = 136; 55% male) who reported gambling in the past 30 days were recruited between September 2011 and March 2012. Methods: Using a randomized clinical trial design, participants were assigned to receive either PNF or an attention control task. In addition to self-report, this study used 2 computer-based risk tasks framed as “gambling opportunities” to assess cognitive and behavioral change at 1 week post intervention. Results: After 1 week, participants receiving PNF showed a marked decrease in perception of other students’ gambling, and evinced lower risk-taking performance on 2 analog measures of gambling. Conclusions: Changes in both self-reported perceived norms and analog gambling behavior suggest that a single, stand-alone PNF intervention may modify gambling among college students. Whether it can impact gambling outside of the laboratory remains untested.     

A Comparison of an Assessment/Information-Based Group versus an Assessment-Only Group

Abstract

The use/abuse of alcohol leading to impaired driving, accidents and even fatalities is a major social concern. National data sets demonstrate that college students abuse alcohol. This research paper outlines a program designed to reduce levels of drinking and presents a format for evaluating its effectiveness. An experimental study (n = 55) was conducted to examine drinking patterns among full-time college students at four-year institutions to observe whether exposure to a personalized feedback pamphlet would reduce the amount of alcohol consumption between a treatment and nontreatment control group. The posttreatment drinking, as defined by the number of times a week participants consumed five or more drinks per setting, between groups was not statistically significant. However, posttreatment drinking, as defined by the average number of drinks consumed in a sitting, between groups was significant. While the treatment group demonstrated a greater decrease in the number of subscales, this difference was not statistically significant.     

Assessing the effectiveness of a responsible gambling behavioural feedback tool for reducing the gambling expenditure of at-risk players

The current study assessed the utility of a responsible gambling (RG) tool that provides players with behavioural feedback about their gambling. Data was obtained from 779 people (n = 694 male; n = 85 female) who gambled online with Svenska Spel (the Swedish gambling operator) and who opted to receive behavioural feedback via an RG tool (Playscan). Importantly, data was also obtained from a matched sample of 779 players who did not opt to receive behavioural feedback. Feedback took the form of a colour-coded risk rating (Green = no issues, Yellow = at-risk, Red = problematic), which was determined by a proprietary algorithm. Additionally, gambling expenditure data (amounts deposited and wagered) was gathered for the week in which players enrolled to use the RG tool, the subsequent week and 24 weeks later (this data was also gathered for the matched sample). Results showed that Yellow (i.e. at-risk) players who used the tool significantly reduced the amounts of money deposited and wagered compared to players who did not use the tool – an effect observed the week following enrolment as well as 24 weeks later. Thus, informing at-risk players who have opted to receive feedback about their gambling appears to have a positive impact on subsequent expenditures.     

政府机关窗口工作人员的心态调查

窗口工作人员的心态和行为直接影响了政府的服务效率和公众形象。文章采用自编调查问卷的方式,从工作价值感、内部管理、压力管理这三个方面对北京某政府机关单位220名员工进行调查。结果表明：多数员工存在自我认知偏差,感觉受到的待遇不公平,不能以积极心态从事工作;同时管理者的正反馈偏少,也很大程度上影响着员工的心态。