大学生择业心理、择业观念的调查与分析

当代大学生择业的时代意识明显 ,定位基本标准 ,而择业期望偏高、社会责任感淡薄、专业意识淡化。因此 ,必须加强对大学生的思想政治教育 ,加强对大学生的就业指导 ,努力建设大学生就业的全国网络市场     

内心确信的外在制约

内心确信这一主观性判断是形成心证的关键,保障心证客观化必然要以遏制内心确信的恣意为前提。从内心确信的主体、标准、监督和救济角度出发,以期探索预防和阻断法官滥用司法权力、枉法裁判的规制路径,进而外在化、明示化裁判者确信的心素,实现对主观确信客观性标准的规制。明确和实现内心确信的外在制约设置,能够有效提高司法公信力,顺应新时代下司法改革的新要求。     

基于矩阵奇异值分解的空间谱估计算法

本文提出了一种利用矩阵奇异值分解来作空间谱估计的方法,即对由天线阵获取的数据所构成的数据矩阵作奇异值分解、删除来自噪声的贡献的诸最小奇异值以改善信噪比,并利用噪声奇异向量和天线阵的方向向量正交的性质来计算空间谱。除了奇异值分解算法本身给计算稳定性带来好处外,本方法的谱估计性能和计算量均优于近几年来国外广泛关注的一种谱估计算法——MUSIC算法。本方法可用于高分辨的测向系统中。     

TITE‐BOIN‐ET: Time‐to‐event Bayesian optimal interval design to accelerate dose‐finding based on both efficacy and toxicity outcomes

One of the primary purposes of an oncology dose‐finding trial is to identify an optimal dose (OD) that is both tolerable and has an indication of therapeutic benefit for subjects in subsequent clinical trials. In addition, it is quite important to accelerate early stage trials to shorten the entire period of drug development. However, it is often challenging to make adaptive decisions of dose escalation and de‐escalation in a timely manner because of the fast accrual rate, the difference of outcome evaluation periods for efficacy and toxicity and the late‐onset outcomes. To solve these issues, we propose the time‐to‐event Bayesian optimal interval design to accelerate dose‐finding based on cumulative and pending data of both efficacy and toxicity. The new design, named “TITE‐BOIN‐ET” design, is nonparametric and a model‐assisted design. Thus, it is robust, much simpler, and easier to implement in actual oncology dose‐finding trials compared with the model‐based approaches. These characteristics are quite useful from a practical point of view. A simulation study shows that the TITE‐BOIN‐ET design has advantages compared with the model‐based approaches in both the percentage of correct OD selection and the average number of patients allocated to the ODs across a variety of realistic settings. In addition, the TITE‐BOIN‐ET design significantly shortens the trial duration compared with the designs without sequential enrollment and therefore has the potential to accelerate early stage dose‐finding trials.     

Asympitic approach to families of desigh problems

Examples are given that demonstrate the usefulness, for obtaining near-optimum designs in analytically intractable settings, of embedding such settings in a regular family of designs whose limit is easier to treat.     

Patient-specific dose finding in phase I clinical trials

This article proposes an extension of the continual reassessment method to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in the presence of patients' heterogeneity in phase I clinical trials. To start with a simple case, we consider the covariate as a binary variable representing two groups of patients. A logistic regression model is used to establish the dose–response relationship and the design is based on the Bayesian framework. Simulation studies for six plausible dose–response scenarios show that the proposed design is likely to determine the MTD more accurately than the design that does not take covariate into consideration.     

SPIRIT: A seamless phase I/II randomized design for immunotherapy trials

Immunotherapy—treatments that enlist the immune system to battle tumors—has received widespread attention in cancer research. Due to its unique features and mechanisms for treating cancer, immunotherapy requires novel clinical trial designs. We propose a Bayesian seamless phase I/II randomized design for immunotherapy trials (SPIRIT) to find the optimal biological dose (OBD) defined in terms of the restricted mean survival time. We jointly model progression‐free survival and the immune response. Progression‐free survival is used as the primary endpoint to determine the OBD, and the immune response is used as an ancillary endpoint to quickly screen out futile doses. Toxicity is monitored throughout the trial. The design consists of two seamlessly connected stages. The first stage identifies a set of safe doses. The second stage adaptively randomizes patients to the safe doses identified and uses their progression‐free survival and immune response to find the OBD. The simulation study shows that the SPIRIT has desirable operating characteristics and outperforms the conventional design.     

Single-machine scheduling problems with the effects of learning and deterioration

In this paper, we consider the single-machine scheduling problems with the effects of learning and deterioration. By the effects of learning and deterioration, we mean that job processing times are defined by functions of their starting times and positions in the sequence. It is shown that even with the introduction of learning effect and deteriorating jobs to job processing times, single-machine makespan and sum of completion times (square) minimization problems remain polynomially solvable, respectively. But for the following objective functions: the weighted sum of completion times and the maximum lateness, this paper proves that the WSPT rule and the EDD rule can construct the optimal sequence under some special cases, respectively.     

自然法学派的法律发现观及启示

在自然法学看来,法律是理性的体现。法律只能加以发现,不可以以人为的方式进行创造。这种发现法律的观点显然是基于立法的视角。在法学实践品性的观照下,这种法律发现观已然失去了"市场"。不过,司法视角下的法律发现观依然没有放弃对"理性"的追逐。     

法律发现的场域厘定

法律发现的场域是法律渊源.法律渊源只有与法律发现相结合才能彰显它的方法论意义.然而,对于法律渊源的认识,学界存在含义不清、定位不明的状况.所以我们需要对国内外法律渊源研究现状进行梳理,分析其方法论意义,并对我国当下法律渊源表现样态进行厘定.