Work and pay in flexible and regulated labor markets: A generalized perspective on institutional evolution and inequality trends in Europe and the U.S.

In recent years a “unified theory” has emerged out of labor economics, which argues that a combination of “macroeconomic shocks” and flexible labor market institutions in the U.S. has produced strong upward trends in wage inequality, while these same shocks have produced high unemployment and low employment growth in Europe as a side effect of the wage stability preserved by that continent's rigid labor market institutions. This paper takes issue with the common view that inequality trends are best explained by a model of stable institutions interacting with changing macroeconomic forces. It argues that European institutions in fact have changed, and that institutional changes which were triggered by the broader macroeconomic forces have affected the form as well as the size of inequality trends. While the U.S. has experienced rising strong skill-based wage inequality, institutional change in France has produced an upward trend in the density of insecure jobs and an increased concentration of low-skill workers in insecure jobs. These results challenge the view that low employment rates is the sole mechanism through which European labor markets have absorbed asymmetric shocks to their demand for labor.     

构建和谐社会下的政府审计公告制度--基于政府审计信息产权视角的分析

该文首先以民主、和谐、程序公正的思想阐述审计结果公告制度的基本理念,在此基础上提出政府审计信息产权的命题,并以审计信息产权的视角解读我国相关法律法规对审计信息权和审计公告的界定,最后从政府、审计机关和公众的角度构建一个和谐社会下的政府审计结果公告制度。     

大学生就业素质的心理学解读

大学生的就业问题已越来越多地引起人们广泛的关注,一个合格的大学毕业生应当具备什么样的素质,来适应瞬息万变的社会要求,一些学者对此进行过多方面的探讨.本文则以一个全新的视角,从心理学角度关注这一问题,并从六个方面就大学生应当具备的素质进行了较为详尽的分析.     

空间谱估计测向中阵元间互耦的校

分析了空间谱估计测向系统中天线阵元间的互耦导致系统性能下降的机制。提出了一种互耦校正方法,该方法易于实现,校果良好。     

西部大开发中的“银色资源”开发利用

人才是西部大开发中一个关键性的问题,在当前西部人才资源相对紧缺的情况下,充分开发利用“银色资源”不失为一种快速、实效的好方法,这既体现了国家为迎接老龄化社会到来所提倡的“老有所为”的精神,又将极大地促进西部大开发的顺利进行。     

转变择业观,拓宽专科毕业生就业渠道

专科生数量之多 ,是毕业生就业大军中的一支不可忽视的力量 ,而他们的就业形势却不容乐观。纵观就业局面 ,摆在专科生面前的关键问题是择业观念的转变。专科生要进行自我分析与自我评价 ,树立正确的择业观和不断进取的就业观 ,走多渠道就业和艰苦创业之路 ,就业出路还是广阔的     

Specifications of a continual reassessment method design for phase I trials of combined drugs

In studies of combinations of agents in phase I oncology trials, the dose–toxicity relationship may not be monotone for all combinations, in which case the toxicity probabilities follow a partial order. The continual reassessment method for partial orders (PO‐CRM) is a design for phase I trials of combinations that leans upon identifying possible complete orders associated with the partial order. This article addresses some practical design considerations not previously undertaken when describing the PO‐CRM. We describe an approach in choosing a proper subset of possible orderings, formulated according to the known toxicity relationships within a matrix of combination therapies. Other design issues, such as working model selection and stopping rules, are also discussed. We demonstrate the practical ability of PO‐CRM as a phase I design for combinations through its use in a recent trial designed at the University of Virginia Cancer Center. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The compounding feminization of animal cruelty investigation work and its multispecies implications

All forms of human labour performed with and/or for animals are gendered, although not always tidily. Here we focus on animal cruelty investigation work, a particularly complicated gendered occupational case. Drawing on survey, interview and focus group data, we focus on a regionally based workforce's gendered specifics. In keeping with feminist political economy and labour process theory, we highlight both material and experiential dimensions, examining physical and psychological risks, and rewards. We argue that the gendered and multispecies entanglements of the work and the victims coalesce in the compounding feminization of cruelty investigation labour. We raise questions about the implications of the gendered and multispecies interconnections for the women and men involved, and for the animals dependent on their work.     

中日IT行业女性员工离职影响因素比较研究

随着人类社会进入知识经济时代,以及人力资源市场不断开放和IT行业的发展,IT行业女性员工作为一支独特而又不可或缺的人力资源,正在发挥着重要作用。通过对现有文献、研究报告的整理和分析发现,影响中日IT行业女性员工离职的因素中,最大的差异来自于两国的文化差异,具体表现在社会文化、组织和个人三个方面。IT企业应通过构建和谐的组织文化来留住女性人才,减少女性离职产生的不利影响。     

A pragmatic dose‐finding approach using short‐term surrogate efficacy outcomes to evaluate binary efficacy and toxicity outcomes in phase I cancer clinical trials

There is a growing need for study designs that can evaluate efficacy and toxicity outcomes simultaneously in phase I or phase I/II cancer clinical trials. Many dose‐finding approaches have been proposed; however, most of these approaches assume binary efficacy and toxicity outcomes, such as dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), and objective responses. DLTs are often defined for short time periods. In contrast, objective responses are often defined for longer periods because of practical limitations on confirmation and the criteria used to define ‘confirmation’. This means that studies have to be carried out for unacceptably long periods of time. Previous studies have not proposed a satisfactory solution to this specific problem. Furthermore, this problem may be a barrier for practitioners who want to implement notable previous dose‐finding approaches. To cope with this problem, we propose an approach using unconfirmed early responses as the surrogate efficacy outcome for the confirmed outcome. Because it is reasonable to expect moderate positive correlation between the two outcomes and the method replaces the surrogate outcome with the confirmed outcome once it becomes available, the proposed approach can reduce irrelevant dose selection and accumulation of bias. Moreover, it is also expected that it can significantly shorten study duration. Using simulation studies, we demonstrate the positive utility of the proposed approach and provide three variations of it, all of which can be easily implemented with modified likelihood functions and outcome variable definitions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.