Geometric Anisotropic Spatial Point Pattern Analysis and Cox Processes

We consider spatial point processes with a pair correlation function, which depends only on the lag vector between a pair of points. Our interest is in statistical models with a special kind of ‘structured’ anisotropy: the pair correlation function is geometric anisotropic if it is elliptical but not spherical. In particular, we study Cox process models with an elliptical pair correlation function, including shot noise Cox processes and log Gaussian Cox processes, and we develop estimation procedures using summary statistics and Bayesian methods. Our methodology is illustrated on real and synthetic datasets of spatial point patterns.     

中等职业教育对厦门经济发展影响的实证研究

分析厦门经济特区成立以来中等职业教育与经济发展的关系，研究证明：中职的发展与第三产业的相关性最高；中职招生波动滞后于经济波动，而人才培养的周期性使得中职的毕业生在数量和质量上与经济的差距难以避免。中职应重点预测第三产业的发展趋势，超前培养技术人才，主动参与产业结构的优化升级，国家也应该注重灵活自主的社会职业培训机构。随着人们日益追求高层次的教育和初中阶段适龄青年的减少，中职即将进入逐步下降阶段，应该注重可持续发展，为将来部分条件好的中职院校升格高职院校预留条件。     

教研共同体——大学英语新教师职后教育的新形式研究

共同体的概念在政治、经济、教育等各领域都得到了应用。研究了共同体理论在大学英语教师队伍发展领域的一种新形式——教学研究共同体,指出教研共同体区别于其他的教师在职培训形式,及其在大学英语新教师职后教育阶段所能具备的特殊作用和意义。     

An International Pooled Analysis for Obtaining a Benchmark Dose for Environmental Lead Exposure in Children

Lead is a recognized neurotoxicant, but estimating effects at the lowest measurable levels is difficult. An international pooled analysis of data from seven cohort studies reported an inverse and supra‐linear relationship between blood lead concentrations and IQ scores in children. The lack of a clear threshold presents a challenge to the identification of an acceptable level of exposure. The benchmark dose (BMD) is defined as the dose that leads to a specific known loss. As an alternative to elusive thresholds, the BMD is being used increasingly by regulatory authorities. Using the pooled data, this article presents BMD results and applies different statistical techniques in the analysis of multistudy data. The calculations showed only a limited variation between studies in the steepness of the dose‐response functions. BMD results were quite robust to modeling assumptions with the best fitting models yielding lower confidence limits (BMDLs) of about 0.1–1.0 μ g/dL for the dose leading to a loss of one IQ point. We conclude that current allowable blood lead concentrations need to be lowered and further prevention efforts are needed to protect children from lead toxicity.     

Updating discriminant functions estimated from inverse gaussian populations

The problem of updating discriminant functions estimated from inverse Gaussian populations is investigated in situations when the additional observations are mixed (unclassified) or classified. In each case two types of discriminant functions, linear and quadratic, are considered. Using simulation experiments the performance of the updating procedures is evaluated by means of relative efficiencies.     

Influence measure for the L1 regression

Because outliers and leverage observations unduly affect the least squares regression, the identification of influential observations is considered an important and integrai part of the analysis. However, very few techniques have been developed for the residual analysis and diagnostics for the minimum sum of absolute errors, L₁ regression. Although the L₁ regression is more resistant to the outliers than the least squares regression, it appears that outliers (leverage) in the predictor variables may affect it. In this paper, our objective is to develop an influence measure for the L₁ regression based on the likelihood displacement function. We illustrate the proposed influence measure with examples.     

金元时期的词缀“儿”

摘儿缀在金元时期用法灵活多样，规模扩大，是其由成型至成熟承上启下的重要阶段。以金元时期六部有代表性的文献为语料，从分布、意义、功能三方面对儿缀进行详细考察。此时的儿缀多用作名词后缀，同时也出现了附加在动、形、代、副、数词等多种新的虚化用法；以表达韵律意义为主，示律功能显著；构词功能进一步发展，儿缀在金元时期的突出表现是语言内外部因素共同作用的结果。     

对英语演讲中使用过渡词的认可情况调查

本文结合调查探究过渡词是否能促进听众对演讲内容的理解，调查结果显示听众和演讲者对演讲中使用过渡词都持肯定态度，进而强调教师在交际学或演讲学的教学中，应该适当强调过渡词的用法和功能。     

Hazard functions and life distributions in discrete time

The problem of studying lifelength distributions in discrete time is considered for certain forms of hazard functions. A class of life distributions that consists of the geometric, the Waring and the negative hypergeometric distributions is shown to result when the hazard function is inversely proportional to some linear function of time.     

Income inequality and participation: A comparison of 24 European countries

Previous research suggests that when there is a high level of inequality, there is a low rate of participation. Two arguments are generally offered: First, inequality depresses participation because people from different status groups have fewer opportunities to share common goals. Second, people may participate more in civic and social life when they have more resources. However, until now, these explanations have not been separated empirically. Using EU-SILC data for 24 European countries, we analyze how income inequality is related to civic and social participation. Our results indicate that the main effects of inequality manifest via resources at the individual and societal level. However, independent of these resources, higher inequality is associated with lower civic participation. Furthermore, inequality magnifies the relationship between income and participation. This finding is in line with the view that inter-individual processes explain why inequality diminishes participation.