Communicating Contaminant Risks from Sport-Caught Fish: The Importance of Target Audience Assessment

A fish consumption health advisory has existed for New York Lake Ontario sport-caught fish since 1978. Our study objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of the advisory for reaching potential target audiences and to identify appropriate advisory content, style, and dissemination methods using a risk communication planning model as an evaluation framework. We used a combination of mail surveys and personal interviews with three target audiences (opinion leaders among recreational anglers and charter boat operators, migrant farm workers, and low-income individuals) and two communicator groups (fishery experts and health care experts). The New York Lake Ontario advisory appeared to be successful in reaching and encouraging risk-mitigating fish consumption behavior in recreational angler opinion leaders and low-income individuals but not in migrant farm workers. The advisory may not be reaching two sensitive subpopulations, women of childbearing age and children. Communicators and target audiences differed in their assessments of important information to include in an advisory. The health advisory could be improved with additional information such as risk-reducing cooking and cleaning methods and by diversifying the dissemination methods to reach the variety of audiences who potentially consume Lake Ontario fish.     

How Close Is Close Enough: Public Perceptions of the Risks of Industrial Facilities

Public opinion poll data have consistently shown that the proportion of respondents who are willing to have a nuclear power plant in their own community is smaller than the proportion who agree that more nuclear plants should be built in this country. Respondents' judgments of the minimum safe distance from each of eight hazardous facilities confirmed that this finding results from perceived risk gradients that differ by facility (e.g., nuclear vs. natural gas power plants) and social group (e.g., chemical engineers vs. environmentalists) but are relatively stable over time. Ratings of the facilities on thirteen perceived risk dimensions were used to determine whether any of the dimensions could explain the distance data. Because the rank order of the facilities with respect to acceptable distance was very similar to the rank order on a number of the perceived risk dimensions, it is difficult to determine which of the latter is the critical determinant of acceptable distance if, indeed, there is only one. There were, however, a number of reversals of rank order that indicate that the respondents had a differentiated view of technological risk. Finally, data from this and other studies were interpreted as suggesting that perceived lack of any other form of personal control over risk exposure may be an important factor in stimulating public opposition to the siting of hazardous facilities.     

从"南戏"说到《六十种曲评注》

南戏是中国文学艺术史上的一块瑰宝。明末清初著名学者毛晋,将南戏的著名文本编辑出版成《六十种曲》。今人又对毛氏的《六十种曲》进行校勘、标点、评注,并予以出版,书名曰《六十种曲评注》。本文以翔实的资料,全面阐述了南戏的发展演变、主要剧目及艺术成就;认真考证了《六十种曲》的版本变迁及各种版本的优劣得失;并对《六十种曲评注》一书做出了公允的评价。本文虽为一篇书评,但对南戏及六十种曲的研究,却有着较高的学术价值。     

论"三种生产"的相互关系及其对社会历史发展的作用

人类社会生产包括三种,即物质生产、人口生产和精神生产。三种生产在社会发展的不同时期所起的作用是不同的。三种生产是互相联系、互相依赖、互为条件的。只有三种生产一起抓,使它们互相协调,互相适应,才能有利地促进生产力的发展和社会的进步。     

试析涂尔干的社会学研究方法——以《宗教生活的基本形式》为例

社会学作为一门独立的学科 ,其研究对象和研究方法在其创始人孔德那里并不明确。只有到涂尔干的《社会学研究方法论》问世以后 ,这个问题才得以解决。但应该如何选择研究对象、界定研究概念、运用具体的研究方法 ,涂尔干在《宗教生活的基本形式》一书中给出了很好的答案。他的这些研究方法奠定了西方社会学方法论的基础。今天社会学的研究方法已经有了长足的发展 ,个案法、观察法、实验法、历史法、比较法、定性法、定量法等等早已运用于社会学研究的各个领域 ,但这些方法无一不是以包括涂尔干等人的方法论为基础发展起来的     

项目管理的多维结构体系

本文从时间、交付物、专业技术、管理职能等方面出发,尝试建立项目管理的多维结构体系。     

类生产函数企业价值链管理模型研究

本文从价值链的一些本质特征出发,借鉴生产函数的原理与形式,提出了一种新的价值链模型——类生产函数价值链管理,证明了类生产函数的一些重要性质,论述了此模型对企业价值链的管理与优化过程。最后进行了实例分析,分析过程及结果表明,该模型能够较好地实现价值链的优化与管理。     

Ethical Considerations in Management Research: A ‘Truth’ Seeker''s Guide

Within a growing Knowledge-Management context, it would appear that Management Research calls for researchers to explicitly understand their own values, have increasing capacity for reflexivity and anticipate various ethical dilemmas that emerge from the research endeavour. This paper provides an overview of the philosophy of ethics and focuses on a researcher's ethical reasoning. It provides a framework for understanding causes of ethical dilemmas in the context of management research and provides strategies for a way forward through such dilemmas. The paper, finally, outlines exercises pertinent to research ethics and ‘hands on’ research praxis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Global Robustness with Respect to the Loss Function and the Prior

We propose a class [I,S] of loss functions for modeling the imprecise preferences of the decision maker in Bayesian Decision Theory. This class is built upon two extreme loss functions I and S which reflect the limited information about the loss function. We give an approximation of the set of Bayes actions for every loss function in [I,S] and every prior in a mixture class; if the decision space is a subset of , we obtain the exact set.     

论企业效率的理论发展

企业的存在以效率为前提,古典经济学对企业生产的解释始终贯穿着效率思想;在新古典经济理论中,企业被抽象为生产函数,为企业效率的考察提供了很大便利,但它以企业技术与制度因素的"固化"为前提;新制度经济学在企业效率的制度方面作了精辟论述,使对企业效率的认识更加完整和深入.