关于征收兵役税及其运作的思考

县、乡财政困难 ,使现役人员及退役人员的优抚、安置和保障难以落实 ,对此 ,应通过征收兵役税加以解决。本文拟对征收兵役税的理由、目的、方案和对兵役税的使用进行探讨     

公立高等教育筹资市场化：国际比较的观点

高等教育筹资市场化是指大学在市场经济条件下,依据市场经济运行的机制和规律,重构其筹资模式、运行机制和控制体系的过程。公立高等教育筹资市场化是当代国际高等教育筹资发展的基本趋势。从国际比较的观点出发,公立高等教育筹资市场化的主要表现形式有:国家拨款的市场化倾向,社会力量投资,高校创收、贷款、收取学费等。面对市场化的两难选择,国际高等教育筹资都遵循一个基本原则,那就是兼顾公平与效率以及公益与市场之间的合理平衡。     

用改进的强隐式方法求解三维不可压粘性流动问题

提出了一种用改进的强隐式方法求解三维不可压缩粘性流动的交错网格有限体积法．该方法在ＳＩＭＰＥＲ算法的基础上，对Ｎ－Ｓ方程的对流项采用ＱＵＩＣＫ格式离散，利用ＭＳＩ方法求解代数方程．数值计算表明本方法具有计算稳定、收敛速度快等特点．     

计算机求解一阶导函数的设计与实现

计算机自动求解导函数实现，在科学计算、公式推导、定理证明、ＣＡＩ软件设计等方面有很重要的意义。文中提出一种计算机求解一阶导函数的设计与实现方法，对函数的表示、分解、类型判断和求导算法进行了详细的介绍，同时给出了求解算法Ｃ语言描述     

Estimation for the scaled half-logistic distribution under Type-I progressively hybrid censoring scheme

This paper addresses the estimation for the unknown scale parameter of the half-logistic distribution based on a Type-I progressively hybrid censoring scheme. We evaluate the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) via numerical method, and EM algorithm, and also the approximate maximum likelihood estimate (AMLE). We use a modified acceptance rejection method to obtain the Bayes estimate and corresponding highest posterior confidence intervals. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to compare the performances of the different methods, and we analyze one dataset for illustrative purposes.     

Developing of a new system of skip-lot reinspection schemes

The skip-lot sampling plans are widely used in industries for quality inspection of products in order to reduce the sampling costs and inspection efforts when products have good quality history. Also, the skip-lot sampling plan concept is sound and useful and it is economically advantageous to use the skip-lot approach in the design of sampling plans. Thus, the skip-lot sampling plans are useful to minimize the cost of the inspection particularly in costly and destructive testing. Hence, a new system of skip-lot sampling plans designated as SkSP-2-R plan is developed in this article by incorporating the idea of resampling procedure in the skip-lot sampling plans of type SkSP-2. A Markov chain formulation and derivation of performance measures for this new plan are presented. The properties and advantages of the SkSP-2-R plan are studied with single sampling plan as the reference plan. The response-to-change characteristics of the SkSP-2-R plan are also investigated, based on the average run length.     

Two-sample prediction for progressively Type-II censored Weibull lifetimes

Prediction on the basis of censored data has an important role in many fields. This article develops a non-Bayesian two-sample prediction based on a progressive Type-II right censoring scheme. We obtain the maximum likelihood (ML) prediction in a general form for lifetime models including the Weibull distribution. The Weibull distribution is considered to obtain the ML predictor (MLP), the ML prediction estimate (MLPE), the asymptotic ML prediction interval (AMLPI), and the asymptotic predictive ML intervals of the sth-order statistic in a future random sample (Y_s) drawn independently from the parent population, for an arbitrary progressive censoring scheme. To reach this aim, we present three ML prediction methods namely the numerical solution, the EM algorithm, and the approximate ML prediction. We compare the performances of the different methods of ML prediction under asymptotic normality and bootstrap methods by Monte Carlo simulation with respect to biases and mean square prediction errors (MSPEs) of the MLPs of Y_s as well as coverage probabilities (CP) and average lengths (AL) of the AMLPIs. Finally, we give a numerical example and a real data sample to assess the computational comparison of these methods of the ML prediction.     

On optimality of extremal schemes in progressive type II censoring

In a progressively type II censored life-testing experiment intact units may be removed from the experiment after every failure. If the initial number of units in the experiment and the total number of failures are fixed, the experimenter may choose between different censoring schemes. By specifying an optimality criterion, one may improve the outcome of the experiment by choosing the respective optimal scheme. We establish a simple property of a general optimality criterion that yields optimality of certain extremal schemes. Applications to some criteria that measure the total time of the experiment and its variability illustrate the approach. The results are based on stochastic orderings of generalized order statistics.     

Generating generalized cyclic designs with factorial balance

An algorithm for generating paired comparison factorially balanced generalized cyclic designs is described. The algorithm is based upon the 2 ⁿ ? 1 class association scheme defined by Shah (1960) for n-factor experiments. The algorithm is highly successful in achieving its objective. Firstorder designs with block size greater than two can also be obtained using the algorithm.     

Truncated Midzuno–Sen Sampling Schemes for Estimating Distribution Functions

We consider a truncated Midzuno–Sen sampling scheme. The proposed method can be used to estimate the distribution function of a study variable assuming that the distribution function of an auxiliary variable is known. The ratio estimator for estimating the distribution function is shown to remain unbiased. We introduce the first- and second-order inclusion probabilities under the truncated Midzuno–Sen sampling scheme. Numerical examples are provided to support our theoretical results.