中国蓝碳市场建设的理论同构与法律路径

海洋是重要的温室气体吸收汇,我国对蓝色碳汇资源的开发利用具有光明前景。一方面,蓝色碳汇的科学认知,生态系统服务付费的引入,以及气候责任理念的发展,为蓝碳市场建设奠定了理论基础。另一方面,域外国家对蓝碳标准和市场规则的初步探索,也为我国提供了有益的实践借鉴。我国完全可以将蓝碳市场纳入到国家统一碳排放交易制度体系建设中,在法律路径上,有针对性采取融合型、专项型和地方推进的多维立法模式,构建蓝碳市场立法与国际环境条约以及我国其他相关法律的协调机制,并着重完善蓝碳市场建设中碳汇核算与核证、环境影响评价、市场交易和监管等关键性制度安排。     

从“感情的型”看李长之的传记批评

在李长之的批评实践中,传记批评分量最重、最具影响。李长之的传记批评具有鲜明的个人风格和独特的美学追求,他以“感情的型”为文艺创作的最高标准,通过“感情的型”沟通作家人格和作品风格,进而达到审美教育的目的。李长之传记批评中蕴含的审美教育理念,是在中国儒家哲学和德国浪漫主义的双重影响下形成的。     

中国政府科技投入对企业研发支出的影响

作者分析了近13年来我国政府科技投入对企业研发支出的影响,认为政府科技投入的杠杆作用要大于挤出效应;但政府向高校提供研发资助可能会挤出企业研发支出。分析了我国科技投入现存的问题,介绍了发达国家的一些值得借鉴的做法,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

农村卫生室收入情况调查与实证分析--以湖北省松滋市为例

村卫生室是农村三级医疗预防保健网的网底,承担着为农村居民提供基本公共卫生服务与疾病初级诊治的职责。村卫生室的收入情况直接影响到农村医生的收入水平与工作积极性。而村卫生室的收入受到村卫生室门诊人数、经营面积、村医人数等因素的影响。通过对湖北省松滋市259所村卫生室年收入情况进行实地调查,运用计量分析方法分析了影响村卫生室年收入的主要因素。     

Pricing and Operational Performance in Discretionary Services

In many services, for example, website or landscape design, the value or quality derived by a customer depends upon the service time, and this valuation differs across customers. Customers procure the service based on the expected value to be delivered, prices charged, and the timeliness of service. We investigate the performance of the optimal pricing scheme as well as two commonly used pricing schemes (fixed fee and time‐based pricing) for such services on important dimensions such as revenue, demand served, and utilization. We propose a novel model that captures the above features and wherein both service rate and demand are endogenous and functions of the pricing scheme. In particular, service time is an outcome of the pricing scheme adopted and the heterogeneous valuations of customers, unlike in the queueing‐based pricing literature. We find that the service system may benefit from a greater variance in consumer valuations, and the performance of pricing schemes is impacted by the shape of the distribution of customers' valuation of service time and the responsiveness desired by customers. Both the fixed fee and time‐based schemes do well relative to the optimal pricing scheme in terms of revenue in many plausible scenarios, but there are substantial differences between the pricing schemes in some important operational metrics. For instance, the fixed fee scheme serves more customers and has higher utilization than the time‐based scheme. We also explore variants of the fixed and time‐based schemes that have better revenue performance and show that the two‐part tariff which is a combination of fixed and time‐based pricing can do as well as the optimal scheme in terms of revenue.     

How to Design Rating Schemes of Risk Matrices: A Sequential Updating Approach

Risk matrices have been widely used as a risk evaluation tool in many fields due to their simplicity and intuitive nature. Designing a rating scheme, i.e., determining the number of ratings used in a risk matrix and assigning different ratings to different cells, is an essential part of risk matrix construction. However, most of the related literature has focused on applying a risk matrix to various fields, instead of researching how to design risk matrices. Based on the analysis of several current rules, we propose a new approach, namely, the sequential updating approach (SUA), to design the rating scheme of a risk matrix in a reliable way. In this article, we propose three principles and a rating algorithm based on these principles. The three principles, namely, adjusted weak consistency, consistent internality, and continuous screening, characterize a good rating scheme. The resulting rating scheme has been proven to be unique. A global rating algorithm is then proposed to create the design that satisfies the three principles. We then explore the performance of the SUA. An illustrative application is first given to explain the feasibility of our approach. The sensitivity analysis shows that our method captures a resolution‐reliability tradeoff for decisionmakers in choosing an appropriate rating scheme for a risk matrix. Finally, we compare the designs based on the SUA and Cox's axioms, highlighting the advantages of the SUA.     

多媒体辅助下的大学英语听力课堂的实践研究

随着高等学校英语课堂教学改革的深入[1-5],多媒体辅助教学也日益盛行,但大多数是运用在大学英语精读课堂上。作者从多媒体辅助下的大学英语听力课堂实践研究出发,指出了运用多媒体辅助大学英语听力课堂教学的重要意义,并提出了用多媒体去辅助大学英语听力课教学的方法[6~9]。作者指出,多媒体辅助下的大学英语听力课堂是基于传统听力课堂上的重要教学改革成果,它有利于提高学生学习英语的兴趣和英语听力的水平,也能够进一步提高学生运用英语的综合能力。     

基于权系数的区域物流园区规划的一种方法

针对区域物流园区规划的主要因素，结合客观赋值法，建立区域物流园区规划模型，采用权系数法时区域物流园区规划方案进行综合评价，从而选定优化方案，并将优化模型应用到物流园区实际规划项目中。     

家庭生活用能调查方案的国际比较及启示

家庭用能与生产部门用能有不同的影响机制,很多国家开展了家庭用能抽样调查。从调查机构、调查频率、调查对象、调查内容、抽样方法、数据采集、质量控制、数据发布和开放使用等方面对部分国家和国际组织的家庭用能调查方案作出比较和总结。大型的家庭用能调查多由政府主导,且通常是居民生活或住房调查的组成部分,家庭能源专项调查较少。调查内容不仅包括不同能源品种的使用量信息,还区分最终用途。调查手段以入户调查为主,网上调查、邮寄调查和电话调查为辅。现代信息技术为提高调查效率和数据质量提供了重要保障。现有调查中大多数没实现追踪调查。与非官方调查相比,广泛调查数据具有样本大、覆盖面广、抽样科学、可共享等特点。发达国家和发展中国家在调查意识、内容和数据使用方面差异较大。目前中国居民能源调查还不完善,建议在现有的住户调查基础上逐步推进能源调查。     

Generating generalized cyclic designs with factorial balance

An algorithm for generating paired comparison factorially balanced generalized cyclic designs is described. The algorithm is based upon the 2 ⁿ ? 1 class association scheme defined by Shah (1960) for n-factor experiments. The algorithm is highly successful in achieving its objective. Firstorder designs with block size greater than two can also be obtained using the algorithm.