汉字蕴涵的丧葬文化

汉字属于表意文字，其中沉积了丰厚的文化内涵。丧葬作为人生礼仪的主要组成部分，在汉字中得到栽蓄与储存。分析部分汉字，可以从中挖掘出史籍语焉不详的古代丧葬文化信息，有助于构建完整的丧葬文化历史。     

隐匿在丧葬礼仪背后的几种意识——以甘肃省陇中地区为例

丧葬活动中包含着丰富的礼仪，这些丧葬礼仪和意识之间的关系是复杂的。在甘肃陇中地区的丧葬习俗中，现代性的丧葬礼仪程序不多，却保留着丰富的传统丧葬礼仪。在该地区形式多样的丧葬礼仪背后潜藏着人们的几种意识，这些意识包括灵魂意识、亲情意识、恐惧意识和狂欢意识。丧葬活动中的这种礼仪和意识之间的关系，在民俗学和民间文化研究中具有重要的意义。     

祭文的源流与抒情特征

祭文是对死去的亲人、相知或所崇敬之人的哀悼祭奠之词，离不开对死者生前音容笑貌和相亲、相处种种情景或感人事迹的回忆与述说。所以，出于真情的祭文，其动人情感，实不亚于为文造情的诗。不能套西方文学理论的框框，把一些优秀的散文作品排斥于文学范围之外，而只看作“应用文”。中国的文化传统历来讲“报本追远”，不忘先辈、死者所作的贡献。因此，哀祭类文字在中国产生较早，《周礼·春官·大祝》中说的“六辞”中即有“诔”，《昭明文选》中设“吊文”、“祭文”和“诔”、“哀”之体。《文心雕龙》也对“哀吊”、“诔碑”有专文加以论述。虽然其体式、名称有所演变，但均要求抒发真情，而反对“谀辞巧语，虚文蔓说”。祭文在今天仍是用得着的文体。古代的祭文，也可以使我们听到古人的心声，对我们弘扬民族精神、继承优秀文化传统有一定意义。     

哈尼族丧葬习俗中的人际关系

红河流域哈尼族有树葬、水葬、火葬和土葬等多种形式和分类,体现出哈尼族人生阶段丧葬习俗礼仪中的二元多维的人际关系:即现实的人世关系与宗教中的鬼魂体系交互作用的"事死如事生"和原始血缘"过渡性"的人际关系、悲文化与喜文化交互作用避祸求福的人际关系、血缘婚姻家族与地缘性同胞邻居交互作用的血缘与地缘混合的人际关系,并提出了促进哈尼族丧葬活动中人际关系和谐的建议。     

西双版纳僾尼人的丧葬等级制及其变迁

西双版纳僾尼人历史上曾实行严格的丧葬等级制。其丧葬等级,并非由死者生前的品行、功德、地位、财富等社会因素决定,而主要与死者死亡的地点、死亡的方式、成年与否、结婚与否、特别是有无子嗣等诸多所谓的完人因素相关。这一制度目前虽有不同程度的遗存,但很多方面已发生流变。僾尼人丧葬等级制及其变迁,为深入认识人类的丧葬文化史提供了独特案例。     

#Funeral and Instagram: death,social media,and platform vernacular

This paper presents findings from a study of Instagram use and funerary practices that analysed photographs shared on public profiles tagged with ‘#funeral’. We found that the majority of images uploaded with the hashtag #funeral often communicated a person's emotional circumstances and affective context, and allowed them to reposition their funeral experience amongst wider networks of acquaintances, friends, and family. We argue that photo-sharing through Instagram echoes broader shifts in commemorative and memorialization practices, moving away from formal and institutionalized rituals to informal and personalized, vernacular practices. Finally, we consider how Instagram's ‘platform vernacular’ unfolds in relation to traditions and contexts of death, mourning, and memorialization. This research contributes to a broader understanding of how platform vernaculars are shaped through the logics of architecture and use. This research also directly contributes to the understanding of death and digital media by examining how social media is being mobilized in relation to death, the differences that different media platforms make, and the ways social media are increasingly entwined with the places, events, and rituals of mourning.     

新疆俄罗斯族葬俗文化探析

本文以翔实的第一手资料,比较全面、真实地记录了俄罗斯族的传统葬俗及其细微变化。     

腊摩送魂归故乡——广西那坡县彝族丧葬习俗考察

彝族肇起我国西北,由于部族征战,寻求牧地等原因,他们爬山涉水,历尽艰辛,不远万里地来到广西那坡县,和当地的壮、瑶、苗、汉等民族一起开拓了这里的山山水水。广西那坡彝族人逝世后,由腊摩主持唱起“开路歌”,这歌声悲凉沧桑,折射出彝族古老灿烂的历史,也使死者能安心地魂归故里,是慰藉逝者的“安魂曲”。主祭的腊摩是为亡魂开路和护送其安全西去的使者。     

论土家丧葬歌的终极关怀

土家族丧葬歌凝聚着土家人对生命的体验与审视,表现在"慎终"的孝亲观、"追远"的感恩观、重视现世生活的生命观上,充满了强烈的终极关怀意识。     

My own business,not my children’s: negotiating funeral rites and the mobility and communication juncture among Chinese migrants in Melbourne

The article analyses cross-generational negotiations of funeral rites of Chinese migrants in Melbourne, Australia. It discusses the intersections between migration and death, with reference to the meaning of death and funeral rites linking multiple generations in migrant life. These intersections create a ‘mobility juncture’ to engrain their legacy and communicate across generations. We interviewed 36 Chinese migrants and 5 funeral professionals. Data analysis showed that the participants were open to discussing death, funeral preparation, and pre-purchasing a grave-plot. The socio-economically independent life style in Australia has brought about changes to their perception and preparation of their final journey. Yet, the significance of the grave-site as a point of communication between the past and the present/future remains, naturally leading to active construction of a communication juncture. Strong incentives for preparing their own funeral and burial place included a wish to ease the burden for their children and a lack of confidence in their children’s knowledge and future implementation of diverse Chinese funeral rites. Filial piety and family values remain significant, but they continue to undergo changes in the Australian context.