Mighty Crime Victims: Victims' Rights and Neoliberalism in the American Conjuncture

Over the last 30 years, the victims' rights movement has expanded the role of victims in the American criminal justice system. As a result of this movement, judges, prosecutors and parole boards must now hear victims' views at all stages of the criminal justice process, including plea bargains, and sentencing and parole decisions. Legislative efforts have been spearheaded by victims' families, and legislation has been named after deceased victims. Also, victims' families can now view executions in states across the country. The victims' right movement assumes that the criminal justice system should privilege victims' interests over those of society. In so doing, it denies society as a consideration, which is tantamount to a denial of society itself. This article positions victims' rights' denial of society within the current conjuncture, marked as it is by the contradiction between neoliberalism and American liberalism. Victims' rights' denial of society is an expression of the denial of society implicit in American neoliberalism, which seeks to privilege individual interests over those of society. This paper argues that victims' rights is a powerful element of the neoliberal project for three reasons. First, victims' rights imputes the authority of legal discourse to neoliberalism's denial of society. Second, important actors in the rise of neoliberalism have also worked to establish victims' rights. Finally, victims' rights comprehensively circulates throughout America and offers powerful points of identification that incorporate Americans into the victims' rights formation. I explore the denial of society in three victims' rights practices: naming criminal legislation after crime victims and passing such laws in honour of victims; allowing victims' families to view executions; and prosecutors, judges and police personnel making legal decisions according to victims' wishes. I examine the consonant denial of society in three neoliberal practices – monetarism, supply-side economics and welfare reform – and demonstrate how neoliberal advocates like Bill Clinton, Ronald Reagan and Paul Gann worked to advance victims' rights. I also describe the production, consumption and comprehensive circulation of victims' rights texts. Finally, I consider Cultural Studies' unique contribution to legal studies.     

How the Right Usurped the Queer Agenda: Frame Co‐optation in Political Discourse

This article draws on a case study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) and queer politics in Vermont to explain the conditions under which radical discourse gains and loses a public voice. In contrast to claims that the marginalization of queer discourse is due to silencing by LGBT rights activists or to litigation strategies, we argue that variation in queer discourse over time is the result of the co‐optation of queer discourse and goals by opponents. Extending the social movement literature on frame variation, we argue that opponents co‐opt discourse when they adopt aspects of the content of a movement's discourse, while subverting its intent. We show that conservative LGBT rights opponents co‐opted queer discourse. As a result, queer positions lost their viability as the discursive field in which those arguments were made was fundamentally altered. Because queer positions became less tenable, we see the withdrawal of queer discourse from the mainstream and alternative LGBT media. Our work both supports and builds on research on frame variation by demonstrating how discourse can change over time in response to the interplay between changing aspects of the political and cultural landscape and the discourse of opponents.     

保持共产党员先进性教育活动成功经验和哲学思考

在全党开展以实践“三个代表”重要思想为主要内容的保持共产党员先进性教育活动,取得了宝贵而丰富的成功经验。保持党的先进性,加强党的先进性建设,必须同加强党的执政能力建设结合起来;必须坚持马克思主义不动摇,以“三个代表”重要思想为指导,以实践“三个代表”重要思想为核心;坚持把经常性教育与适当的集中教育结合起来;坚持以正面教育与自我教育为主;坚持区别情况,分类指导原则;坚持走群众路线,自觉接受群众监督;坚持把制度建设放在重要位置。这些经验充分体现了马克思主义辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义观点,体现了马克思主义与时俱进品质。     

诗人的求真精神与初期白话新诗运动

初期白话新诗运动的兴起与新诗的倡导者、尝试者们的求真精神密切相关。"求真"精神就是在创作中融入诗人自身真实的人生体验,在诗歌中注入时代精神。求真精神是初期白话新诗运动的重要动力和艺术追求之一。理解了这一点,能较客观地分析白话新诗所呈现出来的内容和形式上的独特性;把握白话新诗与中国古典诗词的联系以及正确地看待外国诗歌对中国新诗的影响。     

冯契的逻辑范畴学说及其方法论意义

作为当代著名的哲学家、逻辑学家,冯契对逻辑范畴作了开拓性的探索：阐明了逻辑范畴的辩证本性和特点;考察了逻辑范畴体系与认识的辩证运动;建构了以“类”、“故”、“理”为骨架的逻辑范畴体系;探讨了以“类”、“故”、“理”为骨架的逻辑范畴体系的方法论意义。     

文体与国体--日本近代民族国家转型中的文体变革

日本近代的文体变革与民族国家的转型是相辅相成的。从明治维新开始,日本迈向了民族国家的征程。在国家意识的支配下,日本以东京话为标准建立“国语”来统合全体国民。随着民族主义的盛行,日本知识界在书面语系统着意削减汉字、增加假名,建构与“汉文脉”不同的“言文一致体”。通过报纸杂志的传播、学校教育的推广,以及自由民权运动的政治动员和战争报道的大量应用,最终形成了一种与口语密切结合、并适用于所有国民的新型文体。     

浅议《申报》爱国主义广告

近代中国的爱国主义广告在商业竞争中与国货运动的影响下产生.透过《申报》这个窗口,我们不难发现,爱国主义广告是近代中国工商业企业的一种广告策略,具有鲜明的时代特征和独特的诉求方式,对近代国货名牌的创立和国货运动的发展起到了积极的推动作用.     

汉语动词的连续义和间断义的认知加工

英语动词"jumped"和"hopped"表示的动作具有间断性,如果在一个时间性参照句法成分激发下,这两个动词可以表示连续性动作,这种由时间参照成分激发实现的语义与该句法结构中的各组成成分语义之和不同,这种语法语义现象被称为"体压"。用英语作为实验材料的论文在证明"体压"这种语法语义现象是否有神经认知上的理据时得出了肯定和否定两种相反的结论。肯定"体压"这种语法现象的学者根据"体压"是"语义转移"还是"语用转移"现象,又分为两派,由此而建立了各自不同的"体压"理论。用汉语的连续义和间断义动词并根据其不同的分布特征分两个实验检测汉语动词语义的认知加工特征,结果显示体压现象与汉语动词本身的语义和包含这些动词的句法结构都有关系。     

陕西省"一村一品"发展战略研究

陕西省“一村一品”发展过程中,十分注重特色产品（业）的培育,有效地提升了产业优势;并以科技为支撑,大力培训农民,实现了生产手段科学化;同时以农协为骨架,充分发挥中介组织作用,提高了农民组织化程度;以产品为主线,构建形成了生态型产业体系,促进了陕西农村经济的快速发展。但也存在以下问题：思想有所认识,工作机制尚未形成;资源优势突显,经济强势有待培育;科技兴村已显雏形,但支撑能力不强;产业富村门路较多,但聚集度不高;中介组织初步形成,作用发挥有待提高等。因此,要使陕西省“一村一品”顺利发展就必须统一认识、推进科技兴农、加快品牌培育、加强农民技术培训、积极开拓市场、拓宽融资渠道。     

社会主义现实主义经典《创业史》

长期住在农村的柳青亲身经历了合作化运动的过程,深刻认识到农业合作化道路对改变小农经济的历史命运的重要意义。他的《创业史》以非凡的气势、精巧的构思、生动的人物形象回答了中国农村为什么会发生社会主义革命和这次革命是怎样进行的问题,是社会主义现实主义最杰出的典范作品。