群体兴趣网的统计特性研究

用复杂网络的方法研究特定群体进行万维网访问的行为特征,构建了具有准二部图形式的动态群体兴趣网络,观察了群体用户进行万维网访问的时间规律性,探讨了网络的拓扑结构,并对一周数据进行了度指数拟合.研究表明,虽然群体用户访问万维网的时间是随机的,所访问的网页各有不同,但大部分人的兴趣是一致的,群体兴趣网络的入度分布具有幂律特征,群体兴趣图谱基本稳定,校园群体上网行为具有特定的时间规律性.     

Hypercubic designs and applications

In this paper we develop relatively easy methods for constructing hypercubic designs from symmetrical factorial experiments for t=v ^m treatments with v=2, 3. The proposed methods are easy to use and are flexible in terms of choice of possible block sizes.     

Strengthened 0-1 linear formulation for the daily satellite mission planning

In this paper, we compare several 0-1 linear programs for solving the satellite mission planning problem. We prove that one of them presents a smaller integrality gap. Our explanation is based on stable set polytope formulations for perfect graphs.     

Probability Size Matters: The Effect of Foreground-Only versus Foreground+Background Graphs on Risk Aversion Diminishes with Larger Probabilities

Graphs are increasingly recommended for improving decision-making and promoting risk-avoidant behaviors. Graphs that depict only the number of people affected by a risk (“foreground-only” displays) tend to increase perceived risk and risk aversion (e.g., willingness to get vaccinated), as compared to graphs that also depict the number of people at risk for harm (“foreground+background” displays). However, previous research examining these “foreground-only effects” has focused on relatively low-probability risks (<10%), limiting generalizability to communications about larger risks. In two experiments, we systematically investigated the moderating role of probability size on foreground-only effects, using a wide range of probability sizes (from 0.1% to 40%). Additionally, we examined the moderating role of the size of the risk reduction, that is, the extent to which a protective behavior reduces the risk. Across both experiments, foreground-only effects on perceived risk and risk aversion were weaker for larger probabilities. Experiment 2 also revealed that foreground-only effects were weaker for smaller risk reductions, while foreground-only displays decreased understanding of absolute risk magnitudes independently of probability size. These findings suggest that the greater effectiveness of foreground-only versus foreground+background displays for increasing perceived risk and risk aversion diminishes with larger probability sizes and smaller risk reductions. Moreover, if the goal is to promote understanding of absolute risk magnitudes, foreground+background displays should be used rather than foreground-only displays regardless of probability size. Our findings also help to refine and extend existing theoretical accounts of foreground-only effects to situations involving a wide range of probability sizes.     

An introduction to exponential random graph (p) models for social networks

This article provides an introductory summary to the formulation and application of exponential random graph models for social networks. The possible ties among nodes of a network are regarded as random variables, and assumptions about dependencies among these random tie variables determine the general form of the exponential random graph model for the network. Examples of different dependence assumptions and their associated models are given, including Bernoulli, dyad-independent and Markov random graph models. The incorporation of actor attributes in social selection models is also reviewed. Newer, more complex dependence assumptions are briefly outlined. Estimation procedures are discussed, including new methods for Monte Carlo maximum likelihood estimation. We foreshadow the discussion taken up in other papers in this special edition: that the homogeneous Markov random graph models of Frank and Strauss [Frank, O., Strauss, D., 1986. Markov graphs. Journal of the American Statistical Association 81, 832–842] are not appropriate for many observed networks, whereas the new model specifications of Snijders et al. [Snijders, T.A.B., Pattison, P., Robins, G.L., Handock, M. New specifications for exponential random graph models. Sociological Methodology, in press] offer substantial improvement.     

Recent developments in exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks

This article reviews new specifications for exponential random graph models proposed by Snijders et al. [Snijders, T.A.B., Pattison, P., Robins, G.L., Handcock, M., 2006. New specifications for exponential random graph models. Sociological Methodology] and demonstrates their improvement over homogeneous Markov random graph models in fitting empirical network data. Not only do the new specifications show improvements in goodness of fit for various data sets, but they also help to avoid the problem of near-degeneracy that often afflicts the fitting of Markov random graph models in practice, particularly to network data exhibiting high levels of transitivity. The inclusion of a new higher order transitivity statistic allows estimation of parameters of exponential graph models for many (but not all) cases where it is impossible to estimate parameters of homogeneous Markov graph models. The new specifications were used to model a large number of classical small-scale network data sets and showed a dramatically better performance than Markov graph models. We also review three current programs for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates of model parameters and we compare these Monte Carlo maximum likelihood estimates with less accurate pseudo-likelihood estimates. Finally, we discuss whether homogeneous Markov random graph models may be superseded by the new specifications, and how additional elaborations may further improve model performance.     

几种拓扑指数及其在化学中的应用

本文介绍了几种应用在化学上的重要的拓扑指数，讨论了它们的定义及求算，指出了它们在有机化合物结构与性能关系研究中的应用．     

关于图P_1T及P_1T的优美性

本文给出了两类图P1VT及P1VT．论证了这两类图的优美性取决于树T的优美性．     

朱彝尊散曲新论

朱彝尊现存散曲59首,可分为两类:咏地方风情与叹世叹归。地方风情组曲以[北仙吕.一半儿]为主,多采取冷静客观态度,以清新浅近的语言,重在介绍该地的人文历史与自然形胜,融地名、历史文化名人、出产、典故于一体,生动再现了江南水乡的风景物产、乡土民情。朱彝尊叹世叹归,一是因官场险恶、被同僚倾轧,二是故乡人的真情、故乡的美景与险恶的官场、同僚的暗算形成鲜明的对比,因而在散曲中时时吟唱归去来兮。朱彝尊作曲力求醇雅,用词精工雅炼,音韵谐美婉转,词化倾向颇为明显。