可持续发展的绿色物流

现代物流作为第三利润源已经成为新兴的重要产业,加快发展的同时必须注意经济效益和环境效益的统一,把发展绿色物流作为推进可持续发展的一个方面加以落实。     

A Review of Plant Specific PRAs

A large number of PRA studies have been completed for specific plants at specific sites. From these studies, taken individually or collectively, many significant insights have evolved into items important to risk and safety. The content of this paper is primarily based on the material contained in the EPRI funded review of five PRA studies: Big Rock Point, Zion, Limerick, Grand Gulf, and Arkansas Nuclear One. The first three were the utility sponsored studies publicly available at the time of project initiation while the other two were deemed representative of the NRC's RSSMAP and IREP programs respectively. The results of PRA studies are usually expressed in terms of core melt frequencies, radionuclide release frequencies, and frequencies of occurrence of different reactor accident consequences (e.g., early and latent fatalities) depending on the level of PRA. These subjects are prominently addressed in this paper. One of the results of a PRA study is identification of a relatively small number of accident sequences that represent the dominant contributors to core melt. An analysis of the salient features of the dominant accident sequences from eleven PRA's yielded a characterization of accident sequence categories discussed at some length. Impact of external events is discussed very briefly. Next to an explicit quantification of public risk or core melt frequency, the identification of specific safety concerns and the evaluation of possible solutions to implement risk management are probably the best recognized and most widely used applications of PRA. Several illustrative examples are briefly discussed. Human interactions are extremely important contributors to safety and reliability of the plants. A review of PRA studies concluded that it was necessary to account for five types of human interactions; some of which may mitigate while others may exacerbate an accident sequence.     

Public Distrust and Hazard Management Success at the Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant

Based on experience gained while serving a public oversight commission appointed by the governor of Colorado, hazard management at the Department of Energy's Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant is reviewed. Specific reference is made to the plant's history of controversy, its defense-in-depth strategy of hazard control, occupational health issues, public exposure to plutonium, and the assessment of low-probability, high-consequence risks. This leads to the conclusion that Rocky Flats is, by any objective standard, a hazard management success. It follows that public distrust of Rocky Flats arises as much from fear and loathing of nuclear weapons themselves as from the manufacturing process by which they are made.     

Technical Uncertainty in Quantitative Policy Analysis — A Sulfur Air Pollution Example

Expert judgments expressed as subjective probability distributions provide an appropriate means of incorporating technical uncertainty in some quantitative policy studies. Judgments and distributions obtained from several experts allow one to explore the extent to which the conclusions reached in such a study depend on which expert one talks to. For the case of sulfur air pollution from coal-fired power plants, estimates of sulfur mass balance as a function of plume flight time are shown to vary little across the range of opinions of leading atmospheric scientists while estimates of possible health impacts are shown to vary widely across the range of opinions of leading scientists in air pollution health effects.     

城市绿地系统文化特色研究——以安徽省铜陵市绿地系统规划为例

安徽省铜陵市绿地规划充分利用城市自然山水的地理条件、江南沿江的地域特色和铜陵铜文化，同时紧紧把握城市历史“文脉”，从地区特点和地域文化出发，保持与发展城市特色，将铜文化融合于绿地系统规划之中。     

Seasonal host alternation by the andromeda lace bug,Stephanitis takeyai (Heteroptera: Tingidae) between its two main host-plant species

I studied the seasonal occurrence of the andromeda lace bug,Stephanitis takeyai, on its two main host-plant species. In a secondary forest in Kyoto, this bug altered its hosts seasonally, i.e., from an evergreen shrub,Pieris japonica, in winter to a deciduous shrub,Lyonia elliptica, in summer. In contrast, in Nara park where fewL. elliptica were available, the bug exploited onlyP. japonica. Thus, seasonal host alternation by this bug is not obligate. A comparison of adult longevity and fecundity on the two host-plant species demonstrated the higher quality ofL. elliptica as a food resource. Corresponding to this difference in host quality, there was a dramatic difference in the seasonal population growth in the two study sites. In Nara, the population size at the beginning of the 2nd generation was almost the same as in the overwintered generation, whereas in Kyoto the population size in the 2nd generation was approximately one hundred times as large as in the overwintered generation. Thus seasonal host alternation is adaptive for the bug. In a previous study, I reported that overwintering as eggs in living leaves of their hosts is likely to be common among all the related species of this bug. Thus, this trait can be considered to be a phylogenetic constraint to the group. I speculate that host alternation by this bug has been derived because it is more adaptive from autoecy on an evergreen plant, similar to the pattern currently found in Nara, and that this bug can not only exploit deciduous host due to a phylogenetic constraint.     

作为想象空间的“绿色”词族

伴随着西方绿色运动的兴起,以及中国国内环境意识的加强,"绿色"一词开始在新时期的现代汉语里频繁出现.它以全球化条件下产生的"情报"与"环境"两大主题为背景,借助于文字的推动力量,营造了一个可以"想象的空间".这个空间的扩展带来的后果便是,产生了一系列有关绿色的新词语,同时这些词语又对文化乃至意识形态产生影响.从中我们可以了解到新时期语言与文化之间的互动关系.     

绿色包装:我国的现状及对策

绿色包装是绿色革命和绿色运动的产物，适应了绿色消费需要的潮流。本文在介绍绿色包装的由来及其意义的基础上，重点分析了我国绿色包装产业发展中存在的问题，提出了发展我国绿色包装产业的对策，呼吁站在可持续发展的战略高度，大力发展绿色包装产业。     

论管理中的绿色和谐人假设

西方管理理论伴随着对人性认识的深化而不断演进,人性假设的每一次进步相应也就建立起管理理论发展的一个里程碑,而人性假设的缺陷也就造成管理理论的缺陷。绿色和谐人假设是符合生态时代真理性判断要求的伦理事实判断,按绿色和谐人假设进行管理,实即按生态时代的道德原理和伦理规范来管理。绿色和谐人假设无疑是生态时代管理理论和实践的人性基础。     

高等学校校园绿地建设实践与思考——以东北农业大学为例

高校是人才培养的重要基地,其园林绿地对学生具有陶冶身心的作用。在充分调研东北农业大学校园绿地现状的基础上,认为校园绿地存在与校园文化结合少,绿地利用率低,造景手法单调等问题,提出了结合农业院校文化特色,营造亲和绿地,多种造景手法并举等解决措施,为北方校园绿地建设提供参考与指导。