Prevalence of classes of risk behaviors for HIV infection in a randomly selected Australian population

A random, geographically stratified sample of over 2,600 individuals aged 16 and over was interviewed in all states and territories of Australia to determine the prevalence of classes of behaviors which are associated with HIV infection. Returns from the anonymous risk behavior questionnaire (60.2% return rate) suggested that the prevalence of both male and female homosexual behavior, and contact with prostitutes, was substantially lower than that estimated by Kinsey et al. (1948, 1953). Data suggest that prevalence of classes of behaviors which place Australian individuals at risk of HIV infection may be lower than American estimates. However, the proliferation of HIV into the Australian homosexual community may be more extensive than previously assumed. The implications of these data for HIV preventive education programs and their targeting are discussed.     

Correlates of the contraceptive behavior of adolescents/young adults

Pregnancy among adolescents/young adults continues at epidemic levels despite widespread concern regarding its social and psychological consequences. Cognitive psychologists point out that active decisions and behaviors such as those involved in effective contraception are facilitated or inhibited by any of a number of relevant attitudes and beliefs. The present investigation examined several such cognitive variables. Specifically, the following hypotheses were tested: Among adolescents/young adults, the use of effective contraception would be positively related to (a) the number of known cases of unwanted pregnancy of which subjects were directly aware, and (b) sexual guilt. A sample of 147 sexually active single college students aged 18–19 provided information relevant to these hypotheses. Analyses indicated that contraceptive behavior was unrelated to the number of unwanted pregnancies of which subjects were aware, but was substantially and significantly associated with sexual guilt, even when the possibility of pregnancy was precluded. The nature and implications of these findings are explored.     

A support group for individuals recently testing HIV positive: A psycho‐educational group model

The present paper describes an eight‐week psycho‐educational group model that is easily adaptable to any agency that is concerned with a comprehensive package of services for counseling HIV + persons, as well as for others involved in the long‐term management of issues related to the health threat presented by HIV infection.     

Chinese Parenting Behaviors,Adolescent School Adjustment,and Problem Behavior

The present research examined the relationship between supportive and controlling dimensions of parenting behaviors and Chinese adolescent outcomes (school adjustment and problem behavior). Researchers collected self-report data from 589 adolescents in Hangzhou, China. Results showed the factor structure for the Parent Behavior Measure in the Chinese sample was different from the factor structure based on Western research. Specifically, paternal support did not emerge as a viable factor. Parental monitoring and involvement predicted positive adolescent outcomes, whereas punitiveness and permissiveness predicted negative outcomes. Surprisingly, maternal support predicted more adolescent problem behavior, especially for boys. Guilt induction, love withdrawal, and positive induction did not predict any significant adolescent outcomes when other parenting behaviors were controlled. School adjustment mediated and gender moderated the relationship between parenting and adolescent problem behavior. The importance of considering parenting behaviors, adolescent school adjustment, gender, and cultural norms when examining adolescent problem behavior was discussed.     

Family Process as Mediator of Biology X Environment Interaction

SUMMARY

The present study used Baron and Kenny's (1986) mediated moderation model to explore a potential mediator-parenting behaviors-of an interaction between biological risk and adoptive parent psychopathology which has been shown to significantly predict adolescent problem behaviors in a sample of adult adoptees (M_age = 25; n = 133). The outcomes of interest were retrospective reports on adoptee adolescent nonaggressive conduct disordered behaviors and aggressive/oppositional behaviors. Predictors were biological risk in the birth parents of the adoptees, psychopathology in the adoptive parents, and retrospectively reported parenting behaviors of the adoptive parents. The mediated moderation model was not supported due to the nonsignificance of the biological risk X adoptive parent psychopathology interaction term. However, support for an independence model was supported in that biological risk interacted with maternal warmth and overprotection to predict adolescent adoptee behavior. Greater maternal warmth decreased problem behaviors among adoptees with a biological risk for psychopathology; whereas greater maternal overprotection increased adolescent problem behaviors among adoptees with biological risk. Fathers' parenting behaviors did not interact with biological risk to predict adolescent adoptee behavior. Finally, the findings were consistent across type of behavior suggesting a homogenous effect.     

A Sales Forecast Model for Short‐Life‐Cycle Products: New Releases at Blockbuster

We develop, in this article, a sales model for movie and game products at Blockbuster. The model assumes that there are three sales components: the first is from consumers who have already committed to purchasing (or renting) a product (e.g., based on promotion of, or exposure to, the product prior to its launch); the second comes from consumers who are potential buyers of the product; and the third comes from either a networking effect on closely tied (as in a social group) potential buyers from previous buyers (in the case of movie rental and all retail products) or re‐rents (in the case of game rental). In addition, we explicitly formulate into our model dynamic interactions between these sales components, both within and across sales periods. This important feature is motivated by realism, and it significantly contributes to the accuracy of our model. The model is thoroughly tested against sales data for rental and retail products from Blockbuster. Our empirical results show that the model offers excellent fit to actual sales activity. We also demonstrate that the model is capable of delivering reasonable sales forecasts based solely on environmental data (e.g., theatrical sales, studio, genre, MPAA ratings, etc.) and actual first‐period sales. Accurate sales forecasts can lead to significant cost savings. In particular, it can improve the retail operations at Blockbuster by determining appropriate order quantities of products, which is critical in effective inventory management (i.e., it can reduce the extent of over‐stocking and under‐stocking). While our model is developed specifically for product sales at Blockbuster, we believe that with context‐dependent modifications, our modeling approach could also provide a reasonable basis for the study of sales for other short‐Life‐Cycle products.     

论传统家庭模式对生育文化的制度影响

在过去的生育率研究中 ,学术界习惯于从文化学的角度进行分析。传统家庭模式的几个主要特征对生育观念或偏好具有显著影响 ,这说明我国生育行为与传统生育文化的关系是以传统家庭模式作为制度基础的     

政府行为、市场整合、工业集聚与地区差距——中国区域经济发展的经济学逻辑

要完善区域经济协调发展的理论,就应该在既有的文献和我们自己有关中国地区间差距和地方政府行为的系列研究的基础上,用一个一以贯之的经济学逻辑在市场整合、工业集聚、地区差距和地方保护主义这些与区域经济发展有关的问题之间建立联系,解释形成中国区域经济发展格局的地理、政策和历史因素,展望全球化、市场化和城市化进程中未来中国市场整合与工业集聚的趋势,提出区域经济合理布局的政策构想。     

场:组织行为理论的一个新视角

以物理学场理论的基本概念和思维方法 ,讨论组织行为具有场的形态、性质 ,是一种尝试。组织行为场是复合场 ,由各类子场生成、耦合 ,其总体特征是共时性、非均匀性和协同性     

道德冷漠感剖析

"道德冷漠感"一词在现今的社会中正为人们所知,它是社会道德的一种消极现象,是人们道德感的麻木和冷漠,也是人们的道德行为畸形发展的一种状态。道德冷漠感产生的原因在于文化、社会制度及个体等诸多层面。面对这样一种消极现象,应从个人、政府和社会三个层面进行矫治。