Wildfire Policy in Mediterranean France: How Far is it Efficient and Sustainable?

A new fire policy reinforcing aggressive fire suppression was established in Mediterranean France in response to the devastating wildfires of the 1990s, but to what extent this has changed fire activity yet remains poorly understood. For this purpose, we compared the number and location of ignitions and of burned areas between two 20‐year periods (1975–1994 vs. 1995–2014), in parallel to the changes in fuel covering, human activity promoting ignitions, and fire weather. The number of fires decreased almost continuously since 1975, but sharply after 1994, suggesting an effect of better fire prevention due to the new policy. But the major change in fire activity is a considerable reduction in fire size and burned areas after 1994, especially during summer and in the most fire‐prone places, in response to massive efforts put into fire suppression. These reductions have occurred while the covering by fuel biomass, the human pressure on ignition, and the fire weather index increased, thus making the study area more hazardous. Our results suggest that a strategy of aggressive fire suppression has great potential for counterbalancing the effects of climate changes and human activities and for controlling fire activity in the short term. However, we discuss whether such a suppression‐oriented approach is sustainable in the context of global changes, which cast new fire challenges as demonstrated by the devastative fires of 2003 and 2016. We advocate for a more comprehensive fire policy to come.     

民族互嵌式社区居民公共服务幸福感指标体系的构建

构建相互嵌入式社会结构和社区环境,是铸牢中华民族共同体意识,推动多民族社区治理的重要途径。由于多元文化的碰撞交融,社区内部张力扩大,民族互嵌式社区的治理在一定程度上存在着多民族融合表面化、社区共同体意识淡薄等一系列问题。论文结合社会系统论、社区治理论的相关原理,厘清民族互嵌式社区的内涵,提出民族互嵌式社区居民公共服务幸福感指标体系的构想。通过差异化选址、探索性因素分析,形成影响居民公共服务幸福感的社区融合、社区治理、社区文化建设、社会医疗、社区教育五个维度及指标体系,为有效评价民族互嵌式社区公共服务提供借鉴。     

从劳动正义看劳动幸福———兼与何云峰先生商榷

幸福是人们的根本追求,劳动是人的类本质活动,劳动是基本人权,人们通过劳动实现人的类本质,得到深层次愉悦体验即为劳动幸福。劳动正义不是劳动权利而是实现劳动幸福的道义基础。劳动主体正义是劳动幸福的实质所在。劳动主体正义实质是劳动对社会主体的有用性超过有害性。生产资料正义是劳动幸福的客体正义。国民是国土等自然资源的共同所有者,劳动生产而成的生产资料应归生产者共有。劳动动机正义是劳动幸福的深层动因。实现劳动幸福应成为人们进行劳动的根本动因。劳动过程正义是劳动幸福的关键环节,确保劳动过程正义的根本要求是充分保障劳动权利。     

成果共享:当代中国政治哲学的核心范畴

发展成果由人民共享反映了人民群众主体性与社会发展的价值目标之间的必然联系,体现着当今中国政治哲学的价值追求,反映着中国特色社会主义的本质属性,是通往幸福中国的必由之路,因此,必须正确理解发展成果共享的深刻内涵,才能正确处理好社会发展中的一系列矛盾和若干关系。     

When it is better to give than to receive: Children's giving and happiness

Humans experience emotional benefits from engaging in prosocial behavior. The current work investigates factors that influence the experience of happiness from giving to others in early childhood. In three studies with 5-year-olds (N = 144), we find that young children are happier from giving resources to others than from receiving resources for themselves (Study 1) and investigate when children are most happy from giving. In Study 2, children were happier when they could see the beneficiary's positive reaction, suggesting that empathizing with the beneficiary's positive emotion contributes to happiness (consistent with the concept of vicarious-joy). In Study 3, children were happier after they gave resources than when they watched someone else give resources, indicating that being responsible for prosocial action contributes to children's happiness (consistent with the concept of warm-glow). These results provide a critical step toward understanding when children experience happiness from giving and a foundation for investigating happiness as a mechanism supporting early prosociality.     

收入、社会地位与幸福感——公平感知视角

从公平感知的新视角,研究收入和社会地位对幸福感的影响． 在理论分析的基础上,采用中国劳动力动态调查( CLDS) 2012 年和2014 年的数据进行实证研究,发现: 1) 收入对幸福感总体上存在正的影响; 但随着收入的提高,幸福感对收入的敏感度在下降; 2) 社会地位是影响幸福感的重要因素,其在中国的贡献度已高于收入,而且随着收入提高,社会地位对幸福感的影响增强; 3) 公平感知对幸福感的影响日益重要,其作用大于收入和社会地位的影响． 最后,本文根据研究结论提出了加快建设保障社会公平正义的制度等建议．     

Examining the relationship between religiosity and happiness in Medan,Indonesia: The mediating role of self-control,self-regulation,and life satisfaction

Social harmony and community wellbeing can be addressed by promoting life satisfaction and happiness within society. As part of the attempts to understand and promote life satisfaction and happiness within society, this study examined how religiosity can contribute to these two outcome variables. More specifically, this study examined the mediating effect of self-control, self-regulation, and life satisfaction on the relationship between religiosity and happiness. Six hundred and twenty-eight middle (628) adults from Medan, Indonesia were recruited through stratified sampling. They completed five self-report scales on Subjective Happiness Scale; Satisfaction with Life Scale; Centrality of Religiosity Scale; brief Self-control Scale and Self-regulation Scale. Data were analyzed by applying Structural Equation Model (using the LISREL software 8.80), which provides simultaneous examination of variance between endogenous and exogenous variables. Results revealed that people who reported higher level of religiosity also scored high on self-control and self-regulation scales, life satisfaction, which, in turn, are related to more happiness. The finding provides evidence for more specific mechanism in which religiosity contributes to life satisfaction and happiness of the individuals and consequently society wellbeing. Theoretical and practical implications related to the findings are discussed.     

评绿蓝悖论的消除主义方案——与陈晓平教授商榷

针对绿蓝悖论，西方学界有代表性的解悖方案主要包括语言主义方案、贝叶斯主义方案和证伪主义方案。我国学者陈晓平教授独立地提出不属于三种方案的消除主义方案。根据该方案，绿蓝悖论所涉论证中某个牵涉证据陈述的前提并不成立。我们从两个方面提出批评意见，认为该方案并不是一种令人满意的解悖方案。     

消费者隐私保护研究述评与未来展望

在数字经济时代，消费者数据在变得更易获取、更有价值的同时，也比以往更加脆弱。相应地，有关消费者隐私保护问题也得到了前所未有的关注，但相关研究依然较为零散，一系列关键问题亟须探索。通过阐述消费者隐私悖论的形成与化解，梳理消费者隐私保护影响因素的相关研究，探讨顾客、技术、企业和政府多元主体协同的消费者隐私保护路径问题，构建了消费者隐私保护研究的整合框架，并揭示出未来的七个重点研究方向：(1)辨析消费者隐私保护行为在不同情境下的差异，构建隐私应对行为合理性的评价标准；(2)基于多个视角进一步深入挖掘消费者隐私悖论的成因及化解策略；(3)加强对消费者隐私担忧影响隐私保护行为的条件及情境范围的深入考察；(4)进一步深入研究消费者隐私素养的衡量、形成及培育机制；(5)深入考察消费者隐私疲劳的前因与影响机制；(6)综合考虑各方责任与利益动态平衡，突出协同作用，深入挖掘多元主体协同的消费者隐私保护路径；(7)扩展消费者隐私保护的跨文化与本土化研究。     

不稳定就业与农民工市民化悖论：基于劳动过程的视角

本文旨在从劳动过程的视角，将不稳定就业作为一种资本积累方式进行政治经济学的理论分析，并使用具有全国代表性的调查数据和企业访谈案例，结合广义倾向值匹配等方法进行经验论证。本研究梳理出不稳定就业的一般特征及其对当代中国农民工群体的影响，并尝试从国家与资本的双重运作逻辑中去理解经济转型期农民工市民化的困境。研究发现，在资本积累及劳动过程全球化的背景下，中国形成了规模庞大的农民工及其不稳定就业现象。资本通过控制农民工就业流动而达成最大限度地获取利润的目标，无需承担劳动者的再生产成本。这就从根本上导致了农民工市民化的悖论：不稳定就业有助于提高农民工个体的工资水平，但是不利于其家庭成员随迁。这种资本积累方式的隐蔽性在于，所谓的农民工流动自由其实是雇主通过掐尖式用工以保证资本的利润率。不稳定就业不会提升农民工的群体性收入，反而强化了群体内部的竞争。