我国流动性过剩问题的根源及治理对策评价

当前我国解决货币流动性过剩的主要手段是存款准备金政策及央行票据的对冲交易。现代西方货币理论及我国政策实践均表明,流动性过剩的根本原因在于货币供应量的发行失控,解决流动性过剩必须从源头上遏制货币供给泛滥的局面。汇率制度改革是应对货币流动性过剩的根本途径,并同时辅之以金融体系改革,发展直接金融市场等改革措施。     

基于不同信息的套期保值策略选择

利用鞅方法研究了拥有不同市场信息的两类投资者风险最小套期保值问题。通过构建风险资产的跳扩散模型，利用Ito公式和鞅表示定理得到了完全信息下的风险最小策略，并通过投影得到不完全信息下的最优策略。     

Financial Hedging and Optimal Procurement Policies under Correlated Price and Demand

We consider a firm that procures an input commodity to produce an output commodity to sell to the end retailer. The retailer's demand for the output commodity is negatively correlated with the price of the output commodity. The firm can sell the output commodity to the retailer through a spot, forward or an index‐based contract. Input and output commodity prices are also correlated and follow a joint stochastic price process. The firm maximizes shareholder value by jointly determining optimal procurement and hedging policies. We show that partial hedging dominates both perfect hedging and no‐hedging when input price, output price, and demand are correlated. We characterize the optimal financial hedging and procurement policies as a function of the term structure of the commodity prices, the correlation between the input and output prices, and the firm's operating characteristics. In addition, our analysis illustrates that hedging is most beneficial when output price volatility is high and input price volatility is low. Our model is tested on futures price data for corn and ethanol from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.     

期货交易中基差变化对套期保值效果影响的数学推导

对于期货交易中基差的变化对套期保值效果的影响,一般的期货交易方面的教材只给出了结论,本文力图用严密的数学推导来回答基差的变化是怎样对套期保值效果造成影响的,进而提出利用基差交易与套期保值相结合,取得完美的套期保值效果。     

无漂移算术布朗运动下股指期货套期保值连续出清策略

假定股票和期货服从无漂移项的算术布朗运动,投资者效用为均值-方差形式,价格冲击为线性,在连续时间框架下,求解单只股票与股指期货套期保值同步出清问题,得到出清轨迹。参数分析表明：当风险厌恶程度较大时、组合标准差越大,投资者倾向于在出清初期出清较大规模的头寸,以降低后期的风险;当ρ<0,随套期保值比的增加,投资者更倾向于快速的出清过程,当ρ>0则相反;在给定套期保值比的情况下,出清速率与相关系数呈反向变化。     

Sales Forecasting with Financial Indicators and Experts' Input

We present a method for forecasting sales using financial market information and test this method on annual data for US public retailers. Our method is motivated by the permanent income hypothesis in economics, which states that the amount of consumer spending and the mix of spending between discretionary and necessity items depend on the returns achieved on equity portfolios held by consumers. Taking as input forecasts from other sources, such as equity analysts or time‐series models, we construct a market‐based forecast by augmenting the input forecast with one additional variable, lagged return on an aggregate financial market index. For this, we develop and estimate a martingale model of joint evolution of sales forecasts and the market index. We show that the market‐based forecast achieves an average 15% reduction in mean absolute percentage error compared with forecasts given by equity analysts at the same time instant on out‐of‐sample data. We extensively analyze the performance improvement using alternative model specifications and statistics. We also show that equity analysts do not incorporate lagged financial market returns in their forecasts. Our model yields correlation coefficients between retail sales and market returns for all firms in the data set. Besides forecasting, these results can be applied in risk management and hedging.     

Efficient frontiers for electricity procurement by an LDC with multiple purchase options

In meeting its retail sales obligations, management of a local distribution company (LDC) must determine the extent to which it should rely on spot markets, forward contracts, and the increasingly popular long-term tolling agreements under which it pays a fee to reserve generator capacity. We address these issues by solving a mathematical programming model to derive the efficient frontier that summarizes the optimal tradeoffs available to the LDC between procurement risk and expected cost. To illustrate the approach, we estimate the expected procurement costs and associated variances that proxy for risk through a spot-price regression for the spot-purchase alternative and a variable-cost regression for the tolling-agreement alternative. The estimated regressions yield the estimates required to determine the efficient frontier. We develop several such frontiers under alternative assumptions as to the forward-contract price and the tolling agreement's capacity payment, and discuss the implications of our results for LDC management.     

汇率和成本不确定时跨国供应链的风险对冲策略

以包含一个供应商、一个现货市场和一个制造商的跨国供应链为研究背景,根据制造商在供应链中起主导作用且汇率风险和成本风险聚集在供应商处的情况,分析对冲策略在管理这两类风险中所起的作用以及现货市场对供应链绩效的影响。建立模型分析发现：（1）购买外汇期货这种金融对冲策略来对冲部分汇率风险能稳定订购量;（2）批发价激励这种运作对冲策略使得供应商的期望风险降低和期望利润减少,制造商的利润增大,降低整条供应链面临的风险;（3）现货市场的干预不会影响制造商对供应商的汇率对冲激励程度,但是现货市场产品价格对于供应商产量的敏感性越强,则制造商对供应商的批发价激励越高,制造商和供应商的利润越大。     

组合套期保值策略研究及其在市场中的应用

针对用多种期货资产对一种现货资产进行组合套期保值策略的研究,建立三种考虑交易费用的组合套期保值模型,使其更具有现实应用性。给出了评价组合套期保值效率方法,并用实例验证分析了组合套期保值的效率。     

沪深300股指期货对冲效率研究

本文首先通过在VECM-GARCH模型中引入非对称基差,研究了基差对我国沪深300股指期货和现货回报的条件均值与风险结构影响的非对称效应。在此基础上分别以方差最小化（MVHR）和效用最大化（UMHR）为标准,考察了包含VECM-GARCH-X在内六种不同模型在样本内外的风险对冲效果,并探索投资者风险厌恶系数与对冲成本对最优套期保值模型选取的影响。最后得出：基差对沪深300股指期货和现货回报的条件均值和风险结构都存在显著的非对称效应,在一般风险厌恶水平下考虑基差非对称效应的VECM-GARCH-X模型能够总体上提高对冲效率,但是无法弥补动态调整增加的额外交易成本,因此固定对冲比率的OLS模型在实践中仍然更优;同时最优套期保值模型的选择与投资者的风险厌恶系数显著相关,风险厌恶程度越大,动态套期保值模型的效果就越好,这一发现也得到了论文最后最优调整频率研究结论的进一步证实。