Measuring Pupil Activity

After the end of World War I, Congress enacted a bill that would reward military veterans for their service. The bill provided the veterans cash bonuses that would be paid starting in 1945. But as the nation settled into the Great Deression these veterans began to clamor for payment of their bonuses. In May of 1932, and estimated 15,000 veterans and their families made their way to Washington D. C. The events of the “Bonus Army” provide the basis of a lesson for students to examine the plight of these veterans and the eventual response of the federal government to later pass the GI Bill of Rights.     

中国金融业如何面对混合经营的挑战

20世纪80年代初,在“金融创新”和“金融自由化”浪潮的冲击下,金融管制逐步放松,金融分业的界限又开始逐渐模糊,金融业务相互交叉、相互渗透的程度开始日益加深。中国从1993年开始实施银行证券、保险分业经营。但是,最近国内市场发展和金融经济全球化的趋势对分业经营模式直接提出了挑战。从长远发展趋势看,混合经营是中国金融业的发展方向。     

元明戏曲舞台上的伍子胥形象及其审美特征

元明之际有关伍子胥题材或涉及伍子胥故事及评价的历史剧有十五种之多 ,这在中国戏曲史上是一个特例。而关于伍子胥每一阶段的形象塑造 ,都蕴含了鲜明的时代特征 ,以及广大民众对这一形象道德的、审美的评价。本文旨在通过对元明戏曲舞台上伍子胥形象及其审美特征的研究 ,进一步探讨其中所蕴含的丰富的思想文化内涵     

托马斯·怀亚特宫廷诗的女性意识与性别书写

欧美学界通常盛赞文艺复兴的性别形象,怀亚特诗歌被视为男性气概的英国典型。怀亚特的赞美诗和讽喻诗却呈现出截然不同的女性意识和性别书写。前者内敛的特征体现了宗教改革和君主王权对男性主题的权力制约,后者揶揄的态度反映了历史主体和女性视角对性别意象的政治隐喻。从这两个层面解读怀亚特宫廷诗歌,揭示其男性书写的女性意识和政治生活,从而进一步探讨其性别观念的历史意义。     

马克思、恩格斯的报刊活动及其启示

马克思、恩格斯是马克思主义的创始人，也是杰出的报刊活动家。报刊活动在马克思、恩格斯的一生中占有极其重要的地位。他们的报刊活动为我们留下了宝贵的经验，特别是他们在报刊活动中表现出的严肃认真的科学态度，值得报刊工作者继承和发扬光大，也是做好报刊工作的宝贵财富。     

关于汉唐文化的几个问题

汉唐文化历史成就博大恢宏,具有开创性、集大成性、包容性、辐射性诸多特点,与外部世界交流交往广泛,影响深远,为我们提供了多方面的历史启示,是长安学最基本、最重要的研究对象之一。     

Reconstruction and Deconstruction of the Foundation of South Australia as a Nineteenth-Century Strategic Planning Process and How it Might Compare with Current Planning Practice

ABSTRACT

This article does three things. It reconstructs the narrative about the foundation of South Australia in the 1830s as a strategic planning process. It then deconstructs that analysis to explore the issues it addresses and the outcomes. Finally, it reviews the South Australian experience to see if there are valid comparisons to be made with current practice and what lessons it might offer in that regard. In doing that it briefly reviews one present methodology of strategic planning most akin to that followed in South Australia, and one strategic planning exercise that could learn from it.     

Exploring unobserved heterogeneity in perinatal and neonatal mortality risks: The case of an Italian sharecropping community, 1900–39

Previous researchers have found that traditional determinants explain only a limited part of the variation in perinatal and infant mortality at the family level. In the study reported in this paper, we explored the factors that make the perinatal/neonatal death risk more heterogeneous across families. We estimated logistic regressions with cluster random effects at the maternal level, using data from the Italian village of Granarolo from 1900 to 1939. We estimated the effects of selected predictors on perinatal/neonatal mortality and unexplained inter-family variation. We found that non-rural skilled and lower-skilled workers experienced higher perinatal and neonatal mortality risks. Unexplained heterogeneity at the maternal level was lower for women living in sharecropper families than for those in landless labourer and non-rural worker families. Unexplained perinatal and neonatal mortality components were also due to socio-economic differences and were not necessarily related only to maternal biological features or shared genetic frailty.     

张宏杰历史写作的三个面相:细节·体验·问题

张宏杰是在新世纪以来兴起的通俗历史写作大潮中较为独特的一位。他的历史写作介于严肃的史学著作与文化散文之间,既具有通俗历史畅销书的好看、有趣,又有文化散文的抒情笔调及文化关怀。总体来看,注重历史细节的解读、渗透情感的体验叙述、关注文化批判的问题意识是其历史写作的三个面相。     

马克思对历史存在的哲学建构

历史存在问题一直困扰着众多的哲学家。在马克思创立唯物史观之前,对历史存在问题进行阐述的不乏其人,但他们都只能给出唯心主义的历史哲学解释。马克思在批判继承前人优秀理论成果的基础上,对历史存在问题进行了哲学上的建构,科学地回答了历史存在的本质性问题。