革命历史剧：集体记忆的影像建构

革命历史剧是一种独特的大众文化现象,是集体记忆的影像载体。革命历史剧的流行是现实社会语境下官方意志和民众心态的不谋而合。在当下社会大众传播语境中,革命历史剧从叙事框架、人物塑造和细节描摹的三个层面进行流行式的文本创新,迎合观众对不同时空历史情境的参与渴求,从而凝聚共识,达成集体认同,完成主流意识形态的传播。     

古地图:见证中国地理大发现——以中国的天文观测与地图测绘技术为依据

通过对《山海经》、《梁书·诸夷列传》等古籍记载的扶桑国、女国、毗骞国等古国地望的考证,以及对唐代《华夷图》、元代《东南海夷图》和《西南海夷图》、明代《内板山海舆地全图》及清代《大清统属职贡万国经纬地球式》等古地图的地图投影方式进行研究,清晰再现了中国古代发现世界和测绘世界地图的历史脉络。本文认为,中国古代的地理发现范围广阔、领先世界,在1375—1392年期间采用先进的横轴等距方位投影绘制了精确而完整的世界地图。从古地图中不仅破解了困扰地图学1000多年的谜题,而且见证了中国地理大发现——中国发现世界——并非传说。     

Polygynists and Their Wives in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Analysis of Five Demographic and Health Surveys

Differential polygyny in Ghana, Kenya, Senegal, Uganda, and Zambia is investigated using individual-level Demographic and Health Surveys data. As well as contrasting polygynists' first wives with women in monogamous unions, the analysis distinguishes higher-order wives from first wives. This permits study of the determinants of the prevalence and intensity of polygyny respectively. Polygyny and other aspects of marriage interlock in very similar ways in all five countries. Individuals' experience of polygyny tends to reflect their luck in the marriage market rather than their socio-economic characteristics. While polygyny is less prevalent in urban areas, other socio-economic factors are important only in Kenya and Zambia, the two countries where less than 25 per cent of married women are in polygynous unions. The prevalence and intensity of polygyny are negatively associated. Thus, any drop in the prevalence of polygyny in Africa may be accompanied by a rise in the number of wives per polygynist.     

Long-term effects of childbearing on mortality: Evidence from pre-industrial Sweden

This paper presents an analysis of the impact of childbearing history on later-life mortality for ever-married men and women using historical micro-level data of high quality for southern Sweden. The analysis uses a Cox proportional hazards model, estimating the effects on old-age mortality of number of births and timing of first and last births. By studying the effects of previous childbearing on mortality by sex and social status, we also gain important insights into the mechanisms relating childbearing to mortality in old age. The results show that number of children ever born had a statistically significant negative impact on longevity after age 50 for females but not for males. Analysis by social group shows that only landless women experienced higher mortality from having more children, which seems to indicate that the main explanations are to be found in social or economic conditions specific to females, rather than in the strictly biological or physiological effects of childbearing.     

The measurement of historical trends in fetal mortality in England and Wales

This paper critically discusses recent attempts to estimate long-term trends in the stillbirth rate for England and Wales. It assesses the available historical evidence for the level of late-fetal mortality, drawing especially on examples from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. A theoretical fetal–infant life table for a high-mortality population is also outlined as a means of analysing the relationship between segments of the conception-to-first-birthday mortality curve. Finally, new estimates of the stillbirth rate for England and Wales are proposed, based on variations in the early neonatal and maternal mortality rates during the 1930s. These estimates are substantially lower than the earlier estimates and are more in keeping with the available evidence from northern Europe. The implications of the revised estimates for interpretations of historical changes in mortality patterns are also considered.     

Fratricide identities: the land conflict between indigenous Leco and peasant unions in Apolo,Bolivia

This article explores processes of identity-building and claims-making by rural social groups in the context of recent multicultural and plurinational reforms in Bolivia, focusing on an analysis of the narrative apparatus that underpins a paradigmatic land conflict between an indigenous organization and a peasant union in the Bolivian Amazon. The institutional shift that characterized the country after Evo Morales’ election has been reflected and absorbed at the local level. Here, however, the new claims for recognition cannot be understood only through the –often abused – lenses of ‘resistance struggle’, ‘cultural oppression’ and ‘political discrimination of minorities’. In fact, these claims are the result of a complex interaction between institutional changes, and social actors’ ability to respond to them, proposing powerful narratives that provide society and individuals with new shared meanings and mechanisms of self-identification.     

中国共产党党性教育的主要历史经验

对自己的成员加强党性教育,是中国共产党的优良传统和政治优势。在长期的党性教育实践中,中国共产党积累了丰富的经验：以发展的马克思主义为指导,牢牢把握党性教育的方向性;服从和服务于党的工作大局,始终注重党性教育的现实性;立足于解决党内的重要问题,努力增强党性教育的针对性;坚持理论教育与实践相结合,不断强调党性教育的实践性;正面教育与自我反思相结合,严格遵循党性教育的规律性。这些历史经验,对加强和改进当前的党性教育工作,仍有许多重要的启示。     

大学章程的历史回溯与思考

大学章程是高等学校依法自主办学和实施管理的基本准则,也是调整学校内外部责权关系的重要依据,更是一所高校理念、精神、文化的总概括。据此,探讨大学章程的科学制定是必须而必要的。本研究通过回顾国内外大学章程的发展历程,剖析大学章程制定中存在的问题与困境,从充分彰显学校特色、充分体现大学的办学自主权、应有前瞻性和可操作性、应引入责任追究制度和解决争议制度四个层面提出大学章程的制定路径。     

动画片叙事节奏处理——镜头的运用研究

节奏如同我们呼吸的空气一样存在着生活与艺术当中,研究所涉及的节奏主要是动画影片叙事的节奏,阐述了通过构成镜头的画面设计、构图形式、色彩、光影等要素的运用原理、运动镜头、静止镜头的比例分配等因素对叙事节奏所产生的影响,探讨了如何基于镜头来把握叙事节奏提升作品整体魅力,让观众更好地感受视听艺术的美感,达到创作出优秀的、经久不衰的动画作品.     

Military Veterans Sharing First‐Person Stories of War and Homecoming: A Pathway to Social Engagement,Personal Healing,and Public Understanding of Veterans' Issues

What power, meaning and value may exist within a soldier's first‐person war story? Former Marine captain Tyler Boudreau, quoted below, suggests that constructing a personal narrative of the traumas of war and homecoming, then “asking questions” of the story, can provide a veteran with a “chart.” If this is so, can that chart help one along the road to healing from those traumas, especially when that story is shared with others? Could there be dangerous turns or pitfalls on the journey? How can a public sharing of narratives of wartime experiences help audiences to better respond to those veterans and families who must cope with a difficult transition from the battlefield to home? What guidelines can be used effectively to train and prepare storytellers for their role? In this collaborative article, strengthened by the clinical wisdom of various consulting clinicians, we examine these questions through the lenses of two programs that provide veterans opportunities to share their war stories publicly. They include the Veterans Education Project (VEP) and the “100 Faces of War Experience” project (100 Faces).