A comparison of recent nonparametric methods for testing effects in two-by-two factorial designs

The two-way two-levels crossed factorial design is a commonly used design by practitioners at the exploratory phase of industrial experiments. The F-test in the usual linear model for analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a key instrument to assess the impact of each factor and of their interactions on the response variable. However, if assumptions such as normal distribution and homoscedasticity of errors are violated, the conventional wisdom is to resort to nonparametric tests. Nonparametric methods, rank-based as well as permutation, have been a subject of recent investigations to make them effective in testing the hypotheses of interest and to improve their performance in small sample situations. In this study, we assess the performances of some nonparametric methods and, more importantly, we compare their powers. Specifically, we examine three permutation methods (Constrained Synchronized Permutations, Unconstrained Synchronized Permutations and Wald-Type Permutation Test), a rank-based method (Aligned Rank Transform) and a parametric method (ANOVA-Type Test). In the simulations, we generate datasets with different configurations of distribution of errors, variance, factor's effect and number of replicates. The objective is to elicit practical advice and guides to practitioners regarding the sensitivity of the tests in the various configurations, the conditions under which some tests cannot be used, the tradeoff between power and type I error, and the bias of the power on one main factor analysis due to the presence of effect of the other factor. A dataset from an industrial engineering experiment for thermoformed packaging production is used to illustrate the application of the various methods of analysis, taking into account the power of the test suggested by the objective of the experiment.     

Celebrating Joan Acker: Sociologist,fearless feminist,friend

Joan Acker's life reflects a time when middle‐class women were expected to be satisfied with maintaining the home front, serving husbands and children, not having paid‐work careers. After living “the ideal” for 37 years, Acker took a new path by earning a Ph. D. and producing path‐breaking scholarship that challenged taken‐for‐granted beliefs about gender, family, work, and organizations. Acker spoke “truth to power” and was an academic heroine in posing feminist challenges to injustices involving gender, social class, and race/ethnicity, particularly (but not solely) related to the workplace. This overview lets Joan tell her story and offers reflections on her milestone publications as seen by Pat Martin.     

Modeling stereotypes and negative self‐stereotypes as a function of interactions among groups with power asymmetries

Stereotypes is one of the most researched topics in social psychology. Within this context, negative self‐stereotypes pose a particular challenge for theories. In the current work, we propose a model that suggests that negative self‐stereotypes can theoretically be accounted for by the need to communicate in a social system made up by groups with unequal power. Because our theory is dynamic, probabilistic, and interactionist, we use a computational simulation technique to show that the proposed model is able to reproduce the phenomenon of interest, to provide novel accounts of related phenomena, and to suggest novel empirical predictions. We describe our computational model, our variables' dynamic behavior and interactions, and link our analyses to the literature on stereotypes and self‐stereotypes, the stability of stereotypes (in particular, gender and racial stereotypes), the effects of power asymmetries, and the effects of intergroup contact.     

抗战时期党改造和健全冀中村民主政权的考察

抗日战争时期,冀中(本文主要指沧州部分)党组织在加强根据地建设中,贯彻民主,组织、动员全民抗战,建立了广泛的抗日民族统一战线,对村级民主政权的建立、改造和健全进行了伟大实践且获得了成功。     

浅论视频会议给现代企业管理带来的机遇

视频会议是当前发展最快的多媒体通信方式,它克服了传统会议模式的种种弊端,并具备传统会议模式所无法具备的优势,它为企业在越来越激烈的竞争环境中获得更多及时、可信的信息,提高企业的决策速度和水平,从而使企业的管理水平提高,获得更多的市场机会和巨大的利益。     

司法的隐喻

司法过程在不同的场域中遵循的是不同的逻辑:在学术场域中,司法过程是一个发现真理的过程,法律解释和法律推理是追求法律真理的手段;在权力场域中,司法过程事实上是各行动者之间的权力话语斗争,法律解释和法律推理是法官根据特定权力场域的权力关系所利用的一种策略。两种相互冲突的逻辑必须在司法过程中达到完好的整合,只有这样,才能为司法过程中的权力关系提供合法性。     

倡扬海洋文化 助推沿海开发

江苏沿海开发发展战略的全面实施,连云港建设国际性的海滨城市的宏伟目标,迫切呼唤深入挖掘并激活根植于连云港发展历史的海洋文化,迫切需要大力倡扬流淌于山魂海魅之间的新时期海洋文化。着力研究如何立足助推江苏沿海开发和连云港建设国际性海滨城市发展定位,在传承本土文化精髓,彰显地域文化特色的同时,弘扬历史、面向海洋、彰显开放、蕴涵创新,激活连云港市的独具特色的海洋文化形态,不断提升城市的文化软实力,打造中国东部沿海的海洋文化高地。     

论中国特色社会主义理论体系的解释力

当代中国,中国特色社会主义理论体系最具解释力。30多年来,中国特色社会主义理论体系以其强大的解释力解疑释惑、解悟释难,创造性地探索和回答了什么是马克思主义、怎样对待马克思主义,什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义,建设什么样的党、怎样建设党,实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大理论和实践问题。     

中国社会保障公共支出省际比较研究

在借鉴社会保障制度比较研究的经典理论和模型的基础上,本文依据中国31个省份的年度截面数据对影响各省社会保障公共支出水平的因素进行了统计分析和模型检验。研究结果发现,中国各省级政府的社会保障公共支出水平存在着巨大的差异。政府力量是造成各省社会保障公共支出水平差异的首要因素,其次是单位体制因素,再次是经济发展水平因素。     

项目制:一种新的国家治理体制(英文)

作为新双轨制的增量部分,项目制旨在通过国家财政的专项转移支付等项目手段,突破以单位制为代表的原有科层体制的束缚,遏制市场体制所造成的分化效应,加大民生工程和公共服务的有效投入。以项目制为核心确立的新的国家治理体制,形成了中央与地方政府之间的分级治理机制,并对基层社会产生了诸多意外后果。项目制所引起的基层集体债务、部门利益化以及体制的系统风险,对于可持续的社会发展将产生重要影响。