法治的政治基础

因为行政权力因素在国家和社会关系中的支配地位,所以民众凭借对行政权力本能的信任共识去服从统治,放逐了法治,从而使得行政权力因素成为法治在中国面临种种困境的根本原因。只有通过削弱行政权力因素在国家和社会生活中的支配性地位,进行行政体制改革,才有可能真正实现法治。     

后殖民翻译理论下的权力差异性研究

后殖民译论突破了传统的纯语言转换之文本中心主义,更加关注译本生成的外部制约条件。隐匿在译本背后的强势文化与弱势文化间不对称的权力差异成为后殖民译论研究的一个重要参数,它在数量、写作和文本选择等方面影响着后殖民文本的翻译。基于此,在历史与比较的分析方法上,强势文化殖民化过程中应以归化为主,弱势文化解殖民化过程中应以异化为主,强势文化与弱势文化对话中应采取杂合策略,汲取其他文化的长处,不断提高本族文化机体的适应性,对本族文本翻译具有理论和实践的指导意义。     

Quantile dispersion graphs to compare the efficiencies of cluster randomized designs

The purpose of this article is to compare efficiencies of several cluster randomized designs using the method of quantile dispersion graphs (QDGs). A cluster randomized design is considered whenever subjects are randomized at a group level but analyzed at the individual level. A prior knowledge of the correlation existing between subjects within the same cluster is necessary to design these cluster randomized trials. Using the QDG approach, we are able to compare several cluster randomized designs without requiring any information on the intracluster correlation. For a given design, several quantiles of the power function, which are directly related to the effect size, are obtained for several effect sizes. The quantiles depend on the intracluster correlation present in the model. The dispersion of these quantiles over the space of the unknown intracluster correlation is determined, and then depicted by the QDGs. Two applications of the proposed methodology are presented.     

全球化背景下政党软实力的建构机制

政党是协调社会利益、表达民众诉求、引领国家进步的关键力量。全球化背景下,政党必须在做好硬实力建设的同时,注重自身软实力建设。政党软实力主要包括价值观、包容性、亲和力、号召力和国际影响力等方面。世界各大政党在软实力建构过程中积累了许多有益经验,值得思考和借鉴。我们党应当重视软实力建设,不断提高组织吸引力、社会号召力和国际影响力,从而在国内争取最广大人民群众的拥护,在国际上争取更多政治力量的认同。     

传播议程经济的乘数效应

传媒经济的实质是议程经济,只有议程经济可以联系传媒传受即供需双方,实现传媒经济均衡。议程经济发挥作用的机制是传播的乘数效应,在传统媒体和新媒体融合的生态下,媒介生产方式体现出全新的特征。信息的倍增效果产生的正反作用对传播的议程经济的取得提出了新的挑战,值得高度重视,有必要深入研究以网络信息传播为代表的新媒体的规制原则和方法,才能确保传媒经济和社会双重效益的实现。     

公民环境公益诉讼的动力机制

在分析公民环境公益诉讼的外在价值和内在价值的基础上,对公民提起诉讼动力不足的因素进行分析表明,动力不足的内在结构缺陷表现为经济理性满足度缺乏、生态理性缺失和法律理性先天不足等方面。应着力开发公民公益诉讼动力。     

科举制度的兴废及其启示

作为选官制度．科举在中国历史上起到过极其重要的作用。封建统治者通过这一制度,加强了中央集权的统治,维护了社会稳定,也在很大程度上促激了中国古代文教事业的发展。科举制虽在中国盛行千年之久,但由于其发展历程中在形式和内容上缺乏本质的革新,更因其与封建专制制度的紧密捆绑,而使其弊端的积累与封建专制制度的衰亡处于同一进程。     

Consistency of minimizing a penalized density power divergence estimator for mixing distribution

In this paper, we study the MDPDE (minimizing a density power divergence estimator), proposed by Basu et al. (Biometrika 85:549–559, 1998), for mixing distributions whose component densities are members of some known parametric family. As with the ordinary MDPDE, we also consider a penalized version of the estimator, and show that they are consistent in the sense of weak convergence. A simulation result is provided to illustrate the robustness. Finally, we apply the penalized method to analyzing the red blood cell SLC data presented in Roeder (J Am Stat Assoc 89:487–495, 1994). This research was supported (in part) by KOSEF through Statistical Research Center for Complex Systems at Seoul National University.     

Consultants' forum: should post hoc sample size calculations be done?

Pre‐study sample size calculations for clinical trial research protocols are now mandatory. When an investigator is designing a study to compare the outcomes of an intervention, an essential step is the calculation of sample sizes that will allow a reasonable chance (power) of detecting a pre‐determined difference (effect size) in the outcome variable, at a given level of statistical significance. Frequently studies will recruit fewer patients than the initial pre‐study sample size calculation suggested. Investigators are faced with the fact that their study may be inadequately powered to detect the pre‐specified treatment effect and the statistical analysis of the collected outcome data may or may not report a statistically significant result. If the data produces a “non‐statistically significant result” then investigators are frequently tempted to ask the question “Given the actual final study size, what is the power of the study, now, to detect a treatment effect or difference?” The aim of this article is to debate whether or not it is desirable to answer this question and to undertake a power calculation, after the data have been collected and analysed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

国民性、主体性、功能性的错综与纠缠——鲁迅对东亚封建宗法伦理中皇权思想的反思

在鲁迅看来,皇权思想与国民性之间具有密切的关联。在东亚,日本的皇权思想主要造成了主体性丧失问题,中国的皇权思想主要表现为国民性问题,同时又在一定程度上表现为主体性问题。而这也使鲁迅从对国民性的批判转向对皇权的批判。但他的困境在于:皇权思想不但造成国民性问题,融入国民个体的灵魂,而且其所行使的功能性也融入了整个国家和现代化运动的灵魂。