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851.
Mixtures of factor analyzers (MFAs) have been popularly used to cluster the high-dimensional data. However, the traditional estimation method is based on the normality assumptions of random terms and thus is sensitive to outliers. In this article, we introduce a robust estimation procedure of MFAs using the trimmed likelihood estimator. We use a simulation study and a real data application to demonstrate the robustness of the trimmed estimation procedure and compare it with the traditional normality-based maximum likelihood estimate. 相似文献
852.
We propose a methodology to analyse data arising from a curve that, over its domain, switches among J states. We consider a sequence of response variables, where each response y depends on a covariate x according to an unobserved state z. The states form a stochastic process and their possible values are j=1,?…?, J. If z equals j the expected response of y is one of J unknown smooth functions evaluated at x. We call this model a switching nonparametric regression model. We develop an Expectation–Maximisation algorithm to estimate the parameters of the latent state process and the functions corresponding to the J states. We also obtain standard errors for the parameter estimates of the state process. We conduct simulation studies to analyse the frequentist properties of our estimates. We also apply the proposed methodology to the well-known motorcycle dataset treating the data as coming from more than one simulated accident run with unobserved run labels. 相似文献
853.
This article describes a full Bayesian treatment for simultaneous fixed-effect selection and parameter estimation in high-dimensional generalized linear mixed models. The approach consists of using a Bayesian adaptive Lasso penalty for signal-level adaptive shrinkage and a fast Variational Bayes scheme for estimating the posterior mode of the coefficients. The proposed approach offers several advantages over the existing methods, for example, the adaptive shrinkage parameters are automatically incorporated, no Laplace approximation step is required to integrate out the random effects. The performance of our approach is illustrated on several simulated and real data examples. The algorithm is implemented in the R package glmmvb and is made available online. 相似文献
854.
Arezo Hajrajabi 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2019,89(4):559-575
We consider data generating structures which can be represented as a Markov switching of nonlinear autoregressive model with considering skew-symmetric innovations such that switching between the states is controlled by a hidden Markov chain. We propose semi-parametric estimators for the nonlinear functions of the proposed model based on a maximum likelihood (ML) approach and study sufficient conditions for geometric ergodicity of the process. Also, an Expectation-Maximization type optimization for obtaining the ML estimators are presented. A simulation study and a real world application are also performed to illustrate and evaluate the proposed methodology. 相似文献
855.
在现实的油田生产作业中,为了避免由于物资短缺造成油井工作无法继续等问题的发生,仓库往往会配送比计划需求量多的油管和套管(简称油套管),未使用的油套管若不能有效回收,会造成极大的资源浪费。但是,若回收油套管发生的成本高于油套管本身的价值,油套管回收工作也变得徒劳。基于此,本文建立考虑油套管回收价值的车辆路径问题模型,并设计基于清除小生镜技术的差分演化算法,求解得到合理的油套管回收方案。然后以中石化华北分公司鄂尔多斯盆地南部油田的油套管回收问题为例,求解得到包括17条回收路径的94口油井的油套管回收方案,其中总运输费用为3.72万元,远低于待回收油套管的价值15.03万元,实现了资源的有效回收。最后对模型进行灵敏度分析以验证模型的鲁棒性。本文的求解结果不仅对油田行业具有节约资源、降低成本的现实意义,也拓展了逆向物流的理论研究。 相似文献
856.
In this article, we investigate a new estimation approach for the partially linear single-index model based on modal regression method, where the non parametric function is estimated by penalized spline method. Moreover, we develop an expection maximum (EM)-type algorithm and establish the large sample properties of the proposed estimation method. A distinguishing characteristic of the newly proposed estimation is robust against outliers through introducing an additional tuning parameter which can be automatically selected using the observed data. Simulation studies and real data example are used to evaluate the finite-sample performance, and the results show that the newly proposed method works very well. 相似文献
857.
Population pharmacokinetics (POPPK) has many important uses at various stages of drug development and approval. At the phase III stage, one of the major uses of POPPK is to identify covariate influences on human pharmacokinetics, which is important for potential dose adjustment and drug labeling. One common analysis approach is nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling, which typically involves time‐consuming extensive search for best fits among a large number of possible models. We propose that the analysis goal can be better achieved with a more standard confirmatory statistical analysis approach, which uses a prespecified primary analysis and additional sensitivity analyses. We illustrate this approach using a phase III study data set and compare the result with that calculated using the common exploratory approach. We argue that the confirmatory approach not only substantially reduces analysis time but also yields more accurate and interpretable results. Some aspects of this confirmatory approach may also be extended to data analysis in earlier stages of clinical drug development, i.e. phase II and phase I. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
858.
This paper studies two‐stage lot‐sizing problems with uncertain demand, where lost sales, backlogging and no backlogging are all considered. To handle the ambiguity in the probability distribution of demand, distributionally robust models are established only based on mean‐covariance information about the distribution. Based on shortest path reformulations of lot‐sizing problems, we prove that robust solutions can be obtained by solving mixed 0‐1 conic quadratic programs (CQPs) with mean‐risk objective functions. An exact parametric optimization method is proposed by further reformulating the mixed 0‐1 CQPs as single‐parameter quadratic shortest path problems. Rather than enumerating all potential values of the parameter, which may be the super‐polynomial in the number of decision variables, we propose a branch‐and‐bound‐based interval search method to find the optimal parameter value. Polynomial time algorithms for parametric subproblems with both uncorrelated and partially correlated demand distributions are proposed. Computational results show that the proposed models greatly reduce the system cost variation at the cost of a relative smaller increase in expected system cost, and the proposed parametric optimization method is much more efficient than the CPLEX solver. 相似文献
859.
Gretchen Livingston 《Population research and policy review》2006,25(1):43-66
Past quantitative research has typically disregarded the effect of gender on the relationship between social capital and immigrant
adaptation. However, recent theory and qualitative evidence suggest that gender is a significant factor moderating this association.
I use Mexican Migration Project (MMP) data regarding Mexican immigrant experiences in the U.S. to examine quantitatively how
the process of job searching, and the effects of network-based job searching, vary by gender. Results show no evidence of
overall sex differences in the likelihood of using network (i.e., family-based or friend-based) or individual (i.e., non-network)
job search methods, but there are sex differences in the processes affecting job search method used. Settlement increases
women’s use of their friend networks to obtain work, while for men, it decreases the use of networks of any kind. Contrary
to conventional wisdom, women who use network-based job searches are less likely to obtain formal sector employment than women
who find work without network assistance. Conversely, using network-based job searches increases the likelihood that men will
find work in the formal sector. Since employment in the formal sector is correlated with wages, as well as nonwage benefits,
this suggests that using networks in the job search has markedly different effects on the overall economic well-being of male
and female Mexican immigrants in the U.S. 相似文献
860.
基于赞助搜索的广告已经成为了网络营销的重要工具,不仅为搜索引擎提供主要的收入来源也为广大企业提供销售渠道。由于这种广告形式和其他广告形式有很大的区别,因此对其深入研究具有重要性和紧迫性。但是相关研究还比较匮乏,还没有成为体系。本文在已发表的相关文献基础上,介绍了赞助搜索广告的一般流程并在结合信息可视化技术的基础上将相关研究分为三类:基于服务商角度的研究;基于广告商角度的研究以及关键字生成和结果页相关研究。然后对每个研究类别的主要问题、建模假设和方法以及结论进行回顾和评述,以期抛砖引玉,推动理论界对此问题的研究。 相似文献