行政赔偿制度缺陷及完善——以归责原则和赔偿程序为切入点

2012年最新修订的《国家赔偿法》在诸多制度构建上向前迈进了一大步,但是关于行政赔偿制度采用的归责原则仍有争议,对行政赔偿程序的规定仍存在不明确处,导致实践中行政赔偿漏洞百出。完善行政赔偿制度,应从以下问题入手:明确行政赔偿法律规定中“违法”的本意,并以过错责任原则替代违法责任原则,修正行政赔偿程序规定,包括行政赔偿程序的启动、行政赔偿决定的效力两个方面。     

中国制造业产业生命周期研究———基于１９９３—２０１４年数据的分析

中国制造业面临着日益严峻的资源和环境约束,制造业产业如何在转型升级、创新驱动中合理定位和选择发展道路尤为重要。通过中国制造业产业生命周期分析,明确制造业产业发展阶段,可以有效制定相关政策予以促进或抑制。因此,运用产出增长率法、产业生长曲线法、综合指标分析法等方法,基于１９９３—２０１４年的制造业产业数据展开实证检验。结果发现,基于３种不同方法所得结论基本一致：１／３的制造业产业仍然处于快速成长阶段,但半数制造业产业已经处于成熟期,少数则处于衰退期。针对处于不同生命周期阶段的产业,可分别采取创新发展、转移产能等策略。     

社会资本对居民生活垃圾分类行为的影响机理分析

社会资本与环境保护合作行为的逻辑关系已经成为环境管理的一个重要研究方向。基于219户城镇居民调查数据的实证研究发现,除了年龄、受教育年限和中共党员身份外,以社会网络、社会规范和社会信任为要素的社会资本,对提高居民生活垃圾分类水平有显著的正向影响。具体而言,社会网络能够降低居民机会主义和“搭便车”的行为倾向;社会规范能够提高居民行为的可预测性,增强居民投资环境保护集体行动的信心;社会信任则通过降低交易成本,促进居民生活垃圾分类的自主合作行为。为从源头上化解我国生态环境管理面临的“垃圾围城”困境,政府应积极促进居民间的网络互动,完善互惠共享的社会规范,提升居民间的普遍信任,同时加大对生活垃圾分类知识和技巧的宣传力度、发挥党员在遵守社会规范中的带头作用,通过社会资本发展促进公众的自主环境保护合作行为。     

农村幼儿早期阅读现状及解决对策

早期阅读是学前时期幼儿通过绘画、文字、色彩、倾听等多种方式认知、探索世界的重要学习方式之一。通过阅读幼儿能够了解、认知世界,开阔幼儿的视野,对幼儿口头表达能力、记忆力、观察力、思维力有很大的提高。同时,为幼儿社会生活适应能力打下一定的基础。在与农村幼儿园教师、家长的长期接触中发现：家、园对于阅读并不是太过注重,只是作为一些环节补充,可有可无,这种不利局面应该得到关注及改善。本文对农村幼儿早期阅读现状进行了解,分析出幼儿早期阅读易出现的误区表现为：阅读方式的不合理、阅读过程的不科学、阅读内容的不全面等问题。应营造阅读氛围、引起阅读兴趣、培养幼儿阅读技能、养成良好阅读习惯、贴近生活,注重延伸及时鼓励表扬幼儿等是解决对策。     

Some maximum-indifference estimators for the slope of a univariate linear model

As known, the least-squares estimator of the slope of a univariate linear model sets to zero the covariance between the regression residuals and the values of the explanatory variable. To prevent the estimation process from being influenced by outliers, which can be theoretically modelled by a heavy-tailed distribution for the error term, one can substitute covariance with some robust measures of association, for example Kendall's tau in the popular Theil–Sen estimator. In a scarcely known Italian paper, Cifarelli [(1978), ‘La Stima del Coefficiente di Regressione Mediante l'Indice di Cograduazione di Gini’, Rivista di matematica per le scienze economiche e sociali, 1, 7–38. A translation into English is available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.4809 and will appear in Decisions in Economics and Finance] shows that a gain of efficiency can be obtained by using Gini's cograduation index instead of Kendall's tau. This paper introduces a new estimator, derived from another association measure recently proposed. Such a measure is strongly related to Gini's cograduation index, as they are both built to vanish in the general framework of indifference. The newly proposed estimator is shown to be unbiased and asymptotically normally distributed. Moreover, all considered estimators are compared via their asymptotic relative efficiency and a small simulation study. Finally, some indications about the performance of the considered estimators in the presence of contaminated normal data are provided.     

人权保障的新近发展及其完善

近年来尤其新一届领导人执政以来,我国的人权保障有了巨大进展,但同时也在诸多方面存在亟需解决及逐步完善的问题。文章从人权观念、执政理念、法律制定、政策制订、司法举措、行政管理、人权普及、现有问题等几方面对之进行了初步总结。     

环境法执法机制研究

随着我国环境法立法体系的日益完善,加强环境执法已成为当前环境保护领域的焦点和难点问题。本文在分析了环境行政执法存在的问题及完善对策后,提出环境刑事执法的健全应以程序机制的完善为中心,并认为应从扩张民事诉讼主体资格和建立中立环境损害鉴定机构两个角度去完善当前的环境民事执法机制。     

Evaluating social investment in disability policy

Disability policy in European countries is displaying a shift towards social investment: increasing human capital and access to the labour market. The reasoning that underlies this transition is that disabled persons would benefit from mainstream employment, but are impeded in traditional policy by deficiencies in labour supply and demand. However, the shift towards more activating policies in many countries is accompanied by a decline in social protection. It is unclear whether social investment may effectively promote the employment chances of disabled persons within this context. The present research examines this question through a quantitative, cross-sectional, multilevel analysis on microdata from 22 EU countries. Our findings suggest greater activation to predict lower employment chances, while reducing passive support shows mixed effects. Conversely, measures for facilitation in daily life predict greater employment chances, as do measures for sheltered work. These findings raise questions over the value of social investment for disabled persons—and underline the need to overcome broader barriers in the labour market and in society.     

Non-tariff barrier on chicken imports into Russia: Impact on production,trade and prices

We analyze the Russian restriction on chicken imports as an example of a non-tariff barrier (NTB). Cointegration test results support the hypothesis that the NTB limited trade. We calibrate an equilibrium market model to cointegration results to assess the market impact. The tariff equivalent of the Russian chicken NTB is estimated to be 30 − 40% depending on the representation of consumer demand. Removing the NTB decreases domestic production by 4–5% and domestic price by 27%–34%, while imports increase by 326–423 thousand tons annually in 2015–2019.     

论环境贸易措施对WTO规则的影响

随着多边贸易体制的不断发展和完善,关税、配额、许可证等传统的贸易手段受到了越来越严格的约束。然而一些国家,特别是发达国家转而采用一些更为隐蔽的贸易措施对国内市场进行保护,环境贸易措施就是其中一种非常重要的并为许多国家所采用的一种新型的贸易保护措施。并且,这种贸易措施将对W TO的发展及其相关规则产生重要的影响。